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Apache Web Server

Quick and Dirty Kevin G. Chege for AfNOG 2013 (Originally by Joel Jaeggli for AfNOG 2007) ‏. Apache Web Server. About Apache. Apache http server project http://httpd.apache.org Apache foundation started to support the web server project, but now extends to a multitude of other projects.

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Apache Web Server

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  1. Quick and Dirty Kevin G. Chege for AfNOG 2013 (Originally by Joel Jaeggli for AfNOG 2007)‏ Apache Web Server

  2. About Apache • Apache http server project • http://httpd.apache.org • Apache foundation started to support the web server project, but now extends to a multitude of other projects.

  3. No. of websites

  4. Top Server Market share from 1995 - 2013 http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/

  5. Apache Installation on FreeBSD • Apache can be installed from Ports /usr/ports/www/apache22 • Can be installed from pkg_add • Or from source if one requires a more recent version than what's on FreeBSD source ports tree

  6. File System Layout / var usr etc home local Apache Binaries www etc sbin apache22 nagios rc.d apache22 apache22 Apache Config Files data icons cgi-bin error Apache web files Apache startup script

  7. Starting Apache • Startup script is/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 • Take a look in startup script/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 • Add apache22_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf • Run/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 start • Restart $ sudo apachectl restart

  8. Apache features • Unix Threading • On Unix systems with POSIX threads support, Apache can now run in a hybrid multiprocess, multithreaded mode. This improves scalability for many, but not all configurations. • IPv6 Support • On systems where IPv6 is supported by the underlying Apache Portable Runtime library, Apache gets IPv6 listening sockets by default. • Multilanguage Error Responses • Error response messages to the browser are now provided in several languages, using SSI documents • Simplified configuration • Native Windows NT Unicode Support • More at: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/new_features_2_0.html

  9. Apache SSL • Secure Socket Layer (SSL) port is 443 • SSL is important to protect communication between client browser and web-server • Requires the creation of SSL certificates and Certificate Signing Requests (CSR) • For integrity, SSL certificates are signed by a Certificate Authority’s (CA) such as Verisign • Self signed Certificates will also work but your browser will not trust it and will give a warning to users (which most don’t read) • Refer to the Creating SSL Certificate Exercise Section

  10. How SSL Works • Each SSL certificate has a Public and Private key • The Public Key is used to encrypt the information • The Public Key is accessible to everyone • The private Key is used to decipher the information • The private should be not be disclosed

  11. Role of Certificate Authority • There are a number of CA that certify certificates • Most browsers have pre-included public Keys from the CA’s • A CA certified certificate will have validation information signed by the CA’s private key • The browser will decrypt the validation information using the public key and verify that the certificate is certified by the CA • If this fails a warning is given

  12. Virtual Hosting • Apache Provides multiple options of virtual hosting and scales • Name Based virtual hosts • IP Based Virtual Hosts • Aliases • Its recommended to use name based virtual hosting over IP based hosting in virtual hosting configuration • Refer to virtual hosting Exercise section

  13. Installing PHP & Mysql • PHP and Mysql implementations have increased driven mainly by development requests • LAMP and WAMP are the most common implementations • FreeBSD = “FAMP” ? http://geekybits.blogspot.com/2007/09/creating-famp-server.html • Installation via ports and relatively straight forward • See PHP & Mysql installation exercise section

  14. Apache and IPv6 • Apache supports IPv4 and IPv6 by default • Set the listen option to port 80 will listen for both IPv4 and IPv6 • listen option with IPv4 and IPv6 specific addresses will invoke different sockets for each protocol Listen 196.200.219.xx:80 Listen [2001:4348:0:219:196:200:219:xx]:80 • Refer to IPv6 & php test exercise

  15. Start Apache! • /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 start • Check that you can access http://your.ip.add.ress in your browser • Check that you can access https://your.ip.add.ress in your browser, and that you get a certificate warning • Click on the padlock icon in your browser and check that the certificate details are correct

  16. Apache implementations • Apache is widely used to serve many content applications • Webmail, Blogs, Wiki’s, CMS etc

  17. Start Exercises

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