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Harappan Civilization ( also known as Indus Civilization)

Harappan Civilization ( also known as Indus Civilization). 2300-1750 BCE (or 2600-1900 BCE) Chapter 3, pp. 63-64. The Great Bath. Harappa.

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Harappan Civilization ( also known as Indus Civilization)

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  1. Harappan Civilization( also known as Indus Civilization) 2300-1750 BCE (or 2600-1900 BCE) Chapter 3, pp. 63-64

  2. The Great Bath

  3. Harappa • Name derived from one of its major city; Mohenjo Daro “city of the dead,”was another large city. The size of the area is around the size of England, France and Spain combined. • Economy based on the cultivation of wheat, barley and peas, and on trading with the Mesopotamians and others to the west. • Contemporary with the Mid and Old Kingdom of Egypt, the Sumarian, Akkadian, and Old Babylonian periods • No remains of royal tombs, palace, or large public art work.

  4. Plan of Harappa

  5. Architectural Remains • The city was built on a grid pattern in rectangular block; buildings were made of standard size mud or baked bricks; had sewage and drainage systems • large streets • Residence house constructed around the courtyard; up to three stories (estimates had c. 35,000 inhabitants; located on the East side of the city • Granaries and citadel on the West side • Baths: provided water for residences or may have been used for general bathing and ritual ceremonies (made of brick and sealed with bitumen)

  6. Great Bath

  7. Sculptures • Made of clay (terracotta, stone, and bronze) • Male and Female figures may represent religious figures which associated with fertility.

  8. Bust of the “priest-king”

  9. Nude Male Figure

  10. Dancing Girl, limestone

  11. Figurine of “Dancing Girl,” bronze

  12. Terracotta figurine

  13. Toy animals made of terracotta

  14. Seals • Seals carved with a copper burin, coated with alkali, and baked to glaze the surface; depicted animals (e.g,humped back bull, bull, goat, elephant, crocodile) mythical animals (e.g., unicorn) standing in front of an incense burner or a trough, human figures; more than 4000 have been recovered. • Note: inscription of seals (with 3-10 characters) which are not decipherable; may be used for business as the seals to signify the ownership of traded merchandise; writing disappeared for 1500 years

  15. Seals

  16. Humped bull

  17. Yogi seal

  18. Pottery • Hand thrown vessels decorated with red slip and black painted decoration (animals, geometric, floral and vegetation motifs) • Pipal (Figus religiosa) or Bodhi leave

  19. Crafted goods and painted pottery

  20. Summary • Harappa was highly structured, organized urban culture with an agricultural economy • They probably worshipped gods and goddesses of fertility and have practiced yogic meditation and asceticism. • The destruction of the civilization: flooding and water resources (the shifting of water system)

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