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Symbiosis

Symbiosis. Symbiosis. A close, and often long term relationship between different species Mutualism (+,+) – both benefit Commensalism (+, o) – one benefits, other unharmed Parasitism (+, -) – one benefits, other harmed. With your shoulder partner, think of examples of each.

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Symbiosis

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  1. Symbiosis

  2. Symbiosis • A close, and often long term relationship between different species • Mutualism (+,+) – both benefit • Commensalism (+, o) – one benefits, other unharmed • Parasitism (+, -) – one benefits, other harmed • With your shoulder partner, think of examples of each.

  3. In a symbiotic mutualism, the clownfish feeds on small invertebrates that otherwise have potential to harm the sea anemone, and the fecal matter from the clownfish provides nutrients to the sea anemone. The clownfish is additionally protected from predators by the anemone's stinging cells, to which the clownfish is immune. From Wikipedia

  4. Viruses Virus = Poison (latin) Obligate, intracellular parasites

  5. Viruses and Human Health? • Which human diseases and conditions are caused by viruses? • Take two minutes with your neighbor to discuss which diseases and conditions are a result of viral infections.

  6. What are viruses? • Viruses are non-living, and therefore do not fit in the 6 kingdom classification system • Viruses are tiny chemicals that can invade cells and use the cells organelles to reproduce

  7. Viral Composition Protein Capsid Nucleic Acid Core Can be DNA or RNA May or may not have a membrane

  8. Viral Composition • Protein capsid coat • Nucleic acid core: • DNA – either double (dsDNA) or single stranded (ssDNA) • Eg. Smallpox, adeno-associated viruses • RNA – antisense RNA, sense RNA, dsRNA, retroviruses • Eg. Ebola, poliovirus, reovirus, HIV • Membrane: • Some viruses will be surrounded in a phospholipid membrane

  9. Virus Replication • Do not contain cells, therefore no cell division • Replicate in a host cell • Types of cells/organisms they can replicate in are called the host range • Use host cell to make copies of itself

  10. Viral Life Cylces

  11. Retroviruses • Contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase • Copies viral RNA into DNA • DNA enters chromosomes of host • Then called a provirus

  12. Retrovirus: HIV

  13. Vaccines • A preparation of dead, or weakened pathogens, that when introduced into the body cause the production of antibodies or T cells, without causing the disease • Pathogen: An infectious, or biological agent that causes disease • Antibody: protein produced by B Cells used to help fight off infections

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