Presentation Transcript

1. wwii

2. Totalitarianism – state has complete control Communism Fascism – bundle of rods Aims to create a classless society – all people equal No private property Working class should overthrow the wealthy minority Stresses loyalty to the state Believes in class superiority Forbids/puts down opposition Uses violence and war to invigorate the people Sole Focus: the people Sole Focus: the state
3. Dictatorship– When a government is ruled by one, single, person USSR: Josef Stalin (Communist) Italy: Benito Mussolini (Fascist) Japan: Emperor Hirohito (Fascist) Germany: Adolf Hitler (Fascist)
4. Italy Inflation- Rising Prices Unemployment Communist Led Strikes Middle & Upper Class demand leader 1922 – Mussolini organizes fascist group: “Black Shirts” Marches to Rome King appoints Mussolini head of Government “Il Duce”
5. Soviet Union 1917 Bolshevik Revolution – led by Lenin When Lenin died USSR on its way to prosperity Land Bread Peace Economy began to slow, low production led to starvation and disease New Economic Policy- Government owned all large business, private ownership of small business 1924: Stalin ends private ownership
6. Japan Living Room – Japanese need more space Military seizes Manchuria Racial superiority leads to horrible crimes Rape of Nanking League of Nations condemns Japan Japan quits League of Nations
7. Germany Inflation – rising Prices 1914: 4.2 Marks = $1 1919: 8.9 Marks = $1 1923: 4.2 BILLION MARKS = $1 6 Million unemployed Treaty of Versailles Took away colonies Took away border territories Rhineland Sudetenland Poland Germany took SOLE responsibility Weimar Republic Not strong, military unhappy
8. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1889: Born in Austria 1907: Failed Art Student 1918: Decorated veteran of WWI 1919: National Socialist Party (Nazis) 1923: Wanted to imitate Mussolini’s March to Rome Marched to Munich, Arrested, Sent to Jail 1925: “Mein Kampf” My struggle 1932: Elected, quickly moves up to “Chancellor” 1933: Uses crisis of Reichstag Fire to be given more control 1934: Fuhrer
9. Axis Powers Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, Josef Stalin
10. March 1936 Rhineland – Along Rhine River (between France, Germany) Austria
11. March 1938 Anschluss – union – with Austria Austria
12. September 1938 Sudetenland– Czechoslovakia Austria
13. Munich Agreement – Hitler can have Sudetenland Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini APPEASEMENT: GIVING IN TO KEEP PEACE "You were given the choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor and you will have war."
14. March1939 – all of Czechoslovakia
15. March1939 Result: England & France Draw the line…
16. Versailles Treaty Checklist- Who’s next? ? Austria
17. France & England vow to protect Poland
18. September 1, 1939
19. September 1, 1939 England & France Declare War against Germany
20. Blitzkrieg– Lightning War (throwing everything you got at ‘em)
21. Invading Poland might threaten whom? Nonaggression Pact: Germany & USSR Germany: I’ll leave you alone, you stay out of my way In return I’ll give you some of the pie
22. Allies– Great Britain & France Color allied powers with blue stripes Who is next??
23. Sitzkrieg– “Phony War” Winter 1939 – 1940… um…
24. Maginot Line – Defense between France and Germany
25. April 1940: Germany (and Italy) attack France
26. June 1940 – France Falls
27. Vichy France – Controlled by French officials who cooperate with Hitler
28. 1940 Allies versus Axis Powers Who’s Hitler’s next target?
29. Battle of Britain - 1940 Luftwaffe(German Air Force) bombed London British Royal Air Force (RAF) Fought back Children were sent away for the “Blitz” RADAR: detected Luftwaffe planes
30. Germany formed WOLF PACKS of U Boats to hunt Allied Carriers Battle of the Atlantic "When you think how easy it is to sink ships at sea, and how hard it is to build them, and when you realise that we never had less than 2000 ships afloat, and 300 to 400 in the danger zone, and of the great Armies we are nuturing,and reinforcing in the East, and of the world wide traffic we have to carry on, when you think of all this, can you wonder that it is the Battle of the Atlantic which holds the first place in the thoughts of those upon whom the responsibility for final Victory rests.” Allied Powers used aircraft and RADAR to prevent U-Boat attacks Allies did not have enough ships to form Convoys
31. 1,120,000 Russians Dead 850,000 Germans KIA 100,000 German POWs 6,000 POWs survived Battle of Stalingrad Summer 1941: Hitler breaks the Nonaggression Pact Invades Soviet Union USSR thus joins Allies! Blitzkrieg quickly moves through Russia August, 1942: Nazis invade Stalingrad Germans surrender in 1943 TURNING POINT OF WAR IN EUROPE
32. Where is the USA?? America was staying NEUTRAL! After WWI, Americans did not want to go to WAR again Neutrality Laws 1st: No WEAPONS for countries at WAR 2nd: CASH & CARRY: could buy weapons with CASH Lend-Lease Americans would lend England WEAPONS for FREE
33. USS Enterprise USS Lexington USS Saratoga Pearl Harbor Tripartite Pact: Germany, Italy, Japan would help each other create a “new order” America placed an embargo on Japan because of aggression Japanese wanted to neutralize Americans December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is attacked FDR’s Address to America “A day that will live in infamy” 2,400 American Dead 1,200 Wounded 300 planes damaged or destroyed 18 warships sunk or damaged
34. Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa After France fell, the fight shifted to whom would control the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, and the Suez Canal Italy, in Libya, tried to flush out the British from Egypt They failed
35. Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” Dwight D. Eisenhower
36. Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa Rommel led brilliantly But the British won a decisive battle at El Alamein The US entered the fight in 1941 at Morocco, and swept east, Brits swept west
37. On to Italy Do you want to “die for Mussolini and Hitler, or live for Italy and civilization?” Italians chose life, Turned over Mussolini Hitler pushed back Tuskegee Airmen: segregated unit of African Americans, first pilots Slowed towards Rome Americans landed at Anzio, got stuck, southern troops freed them
38. D-Day Operation Overlord June 6, 1944 Paratroopers Fired on beaches 5 Beaches Omaha - US Utah -US Gold -UK Sword -UK Juno –Can
39. Battle of the Bulge December 1944 Hitler wanted to push Allies Back during Winter! Goal: Neutralize the Western Front American pilots dropped supplies and bombed Axis US causalities: 19,000 dead, 62,000 wounded German causalities: 84,000
40. The Home Front RATIONING: Conserving at home to help the war effort Fats & Oils – gunpowder and armaments Rubber Gas Metal Nylons Sugar Meat Butter VICTORY GARDENS: to help conserve Ration Books & Points: You were only allowed to buy so much of the above each week. Your Ration book helped you keep track
41. Women’s Role VICTORY BONDS: Invest in the nation/war effort now, get your savings back later Knitting, Collection Drives WAVES: "Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service” Joined the NAVY Employment Women took the jobs men left when they went to war Rosie the Riveter: propaganda figure meant to encourage women to take men’s jobs
42. Propaganda Look at your Propaganda poster with A PARTNER Answer the questions in the Cartoon Analysis questions Change letter D to: What TACTIC did they use to convince the viewer? Fear Patriotism Encouragement Other?
43. The Problem with Propaganda…
44. Stand in the Place Where you… Strongly Disagree Disagree Strongly Agree Agree
45. The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to eliminate all Jews from Europe
46. The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to eliminate all Jews from Europe
47. Genocide The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire race, ethnicity, or religious group
48. How to Analyze a Primary Source WATCHING NEIGHBORS AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, JUNE 20, 1943 ​Jews assembled for transport to theWesterbork transit camp (a way station to the Auschwitz killing center), in a photograph taken clandestinely from a nearby building. Neighborhood boys watch from the corner (left) and other local residents from their window (center).
49. Do Now: You should be working quietly, as individuals, for about 5 minutes Group work should be productive and ON TASK Analyze your primary source Observe it without writing anything down for about a minute Answer the questions on your form If your question doesn’t apply to you write N/A When everyone is done, share what you know about the image, and how it was a sign of the coming genocide
50. Evaluating the Evidence Which one piece of evidence will you bring to FDR? What 3 questions will he ask? Which images are most powerful/least powerful?
51. Reflection Collins Type I Millions of Europeans (and Americans) did nothing when these initial steps to the holocaust began in 1935. Had the Europeans stepped forward and done something when the Jews were being humiliated and separated, the Holocaust might have been prevented. Knowing this now, how can this knowledge help you change the culture of our school in regards to bullying, hazing, and ostracizing others?
52. Internment Camps Executive order 9066 Armed forces power to establish military zones Forced people to leave zones Remove Japanese Americans from Western US Camps in Southwest Only factor was racial background Internment Camps: only allowed to bring what they could carry. Homes, businesses, left behind Life was hard – harsh climate, barbed wire, armed guards 442nd Regimental Combat Team: highest awarded regiment in history Lost 800 men saving Texan 1stBatallian Received more than 18,000 individual decorations
53. Yalta Conference – January 1945 FDR (elected for the FOURTH time) Churchill Stalin Meet in resort town in Russia What do we do with Germany when we win?? Divide the country into SECTORS US Soviets British French Elections in Poland USSR would declare war on Japan within 3 months of German defeat
54. Crossing the Rhine - March 1945
55. April 30, 1945 April 12, 1945 Eisenhower decides to allow USSR to take Berlin After Hitler’s death, German armies scattered May 7 Germans agree to a surrender VE DAY: MAY 8, 1945, Victory in Europe Day
56. Island Hopping – US strategy in Pacific, targeting weaker islands to reach Japan
57. December 7, 1941: limited US ability to strike back, major boost for Japanese pride “I will return.” Bataan Death March: 5 days marching to RR, thousands killed May, 1942: Battle of Coral Sea: Aircraft Carriers, 1st stop in Japanese Advance June, 1942 ,Midway: Japanese lured US into sea battle by attacking island, we knew plan February 1945, Iwo Jima: rugged terrain, caves & tunnels – 7000 US, 20,000 Japanese August, 1942: Guadalcanal: 6 months, bloody fighting: put Japan on the run! April, 1945: Okinawa launching pad for final invasion of Japan 110,000 Japanese killed – would fight to last man October, 1944: Leyete Gulf – Return to Philippines, largest Naval Battle…Kamikaze (divebombers) Douglas MacArthur – led men to defend Philippines, forced to leave men Mt. Suribachi Fought bravely without support 10,000 US 60,000 Filipino Retreat 1st naval battle where ships didn’t see each other Use of Aircraft – from ships! TOKYO EXPRESS: Japanese would load and supply ships in the middle of the night Turning Point of the War! Major Blow to Japanese Navy 7,000 US 20,000 Japanese Died Japanese would hold fire until US soldiers were close US Strengths: Focus on Weaker Islands Soviets eased pressure in Europe War Production Navajo Code Talkers! US Casualties: 75,000 94 % Japanese soldiers died 150,000 civilians died
58. Manhattan Project Albert Einstein comes to America! Writes a Letter describing atomic bomb to FDR Los Alamos, New Mexico Top-Secret American program to build Atomic Bomb Motivated by the idea that Germany was already working on a bomb of their own Harry S Truman – knew nothing about the project July 26 – issued a demand for Japan’s surrender
59. Hiroshima –August 6, 1945 ENOLA GAY – American B-29 dropped “Little Boy” 80,000 people died immediately 35,000 injured 2/3 of the citiy’s 90,000 buildings destroyed Japan’s leaders took no action to end the war
60. Nagasaki –August 9, 1945 “Fat Boy” 40,000 dead Emperor Hirohito favored surrender Military leaders resisted VJ DAY- August 15