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4- Gingival index ( Loe & Silness )

4- Gingival index ( Loe & Silness ). B – Indices used to assess the gingival bleeding. 1- Sulcular bleeding index ( SBI ). 2- Papillary bleeding index ( PBI ). 3- Gingival index used by national institute of dental research (NIDR). C – Indices used to assess

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4- Gingival index ( Loe & Silness )

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  1. 4- Gingival index ( Loe & Silness )

  2. B – Indices used to assess the gingival bleeding

  3. 1- Sulcular bleeding index ( SBI ). 2- Papillary bleeding index ( PBI ). 3- Gingival index used by national institute of dental research (NIDR)

  4. C – Indices used to assess the plaque accumulation

  5. 1- Plaque index (Silness & Loe) 2- Simplified oral hygiene index Green & vermillion (OHI-S) it composed of Depris index (DI )and Calculus index ( CI ).

  6. D – Indices used to assess the calculus accumulation:

  7. 1- Calculus index of OHI-S. 2- Calculus component of PDI . 3- Calculus surface index CSI . 4- Probe method index . direct measurements.

  8. E – Indices used to assess the treatment needs:

  9. Periodontal Treatment Need System ( PTNS ). This system depend on assessment of treatment need on basis of time required and type of treatment needed . this system permit the calculation of the manpower, resources, facilities and time required to face a certain situation.

  10. Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs ( CPITN )

  11. Factors affecting the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease

  12. 1- Oral hygiene: periodontal disease increased as the oral hygiene is impaired. 2- Age: periodontal disease increased with advancing in age. 3- Sex: more in females than males. 4- Race: more in Negroid than Caucasian. 5- Place of residence: more in rural than urban areas. 6- Level of education: decreased as the level of education is increased. 7- Occupation: can be affected by certain occupations as wind instrument players. 8- income: decreased as the financial level is increased.

  13. Thank You

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