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Semantic Network Services Sharing an integrated Ontology using Topic Maps and Web Services

6 th NKOS WOrkshop May 31, 2003 Houston, TX, US. Semantic Network Services Sharing an integrated Ontology using Topic Maps and Web Services. Research project UFOPLAN-Ref. No. 20111612, promoted by BMU/Federal Environmental Agency, Germany. Adam Farquhar (presenter)

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Semantic Network Services Sharing an integrated Ontology using Topic Maps and Web Services

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  1. 6th NKOS WOrkshop May 31, 2003 Houston, TX, US Semantic Network Services Sharing an integrated Ontology using Topic Maps and Web Services Research project UFOPLAN-Ref. No. 20111612, promoted by BMU/Federal Environmental Agency, Germany Adam Farquhar (presenter) KM Architect, Schlumberger, Austin, TX Thomas Bandholtz KM Solution Manager, SchlumbergerSema, Cologne (DE) Member, OASIS TC Published Subjects & GeoLang (Topic Maps) Presenter initials

  2. + SNS German Environmental Information Network > 200.000 individual web pages supplied by over 80 authorities + > 500,000 objects in 9 remote databases Semantic Network Services Harmonize environmental information from national and state authorities

  3. The gein® Integrated Ontology Bi-lingual German/English • a thesaurus of currently 39,143 environmental terms (UmThes®, German source of GEMET) • a gazetteer including the intersections between 48,213 geographical objects of all kinds (extended GN250, includes UN LOCODE); • a chronology of historical and contemporary events that have affected the environment, currently 544 events. Before SNS, these were three distinct ontologies.

  4. The Noise of „water“ "daphnia" "direct discharger" "permit for the use of water" "deep water" "water aeration" "snow water" "terms of waste water" "agricultural effluent" "boiling water reactor" "water pollution load" "combined waste water" "waste water composition" "black water" "grey water" "river works" "water board law" "water supervision" "protection area for water regulation" "groundwater resources" "salamander" "agriculture" "tertiary purification of sewage" "sewage purification close to nature" "persistent chemical substance" "primary treatment" "flood" "chemical sewage purification" "secondary treatment of sewage" "industrial effluent" "lowering of groundwater level" "waste water purification" "bathing waters" "water protection" "waste water reclamation" "surface water" "water privilege" "underground disposal of waste water" "water rate statute" "water levy act" "hydro-isobath" "groundwater flow" "groundwater storey" "public goods" "hot water storage" "hot water heating system" "groundwater" "waste water legislation" "water quality management" "water heating" "seepage water disposal" "hot water" "saline water intrusion" "industrial water" "mineral water" "stocktaking" "municipal water management" "hydraulic and sanitary engineering" "waste water examination" "groundwater table" "void water" "seepage water treatment" "percolating water" "waste water reduction" "sewage flow" "deep sea" "sewage lagoon" "waste water statistics" "water protection policy" "well" "water quality directive" "salts" "surface water" "river water" "wastewater load" "indirect discharger" "back water" "waste water register" "river" "impregnation (materials)" "municipal sewage" "waste water sludge" "ordinance on parameters of noxiousness of waste water" "sludge" "harmfulness of wastewater" "aquifer" "impregnating agent" "sewer" "desalination of brackish water" "waste water decontamination" "brackish water" "Waste Water Origins Ordinance" "intertidal area" "feed water" "groundwater contour line" "ground water conservation" "soil moisture regime" "soil water" "small body of water" "waste water charge legislation" "waste water charge code" "human settlement" "stagnant water" "waste water charge fixation" "state water law" "waters (geographic)" "water sciences" "waste water charge" "environmental quality objective" "turtle" "residue" "water works" "waste water disposal" "proprietary right" "water course regulation" "sewage decontamination" "liquid manure" "industrial installation" "waste water disposal embargo" "wastewater discharge" "rinse water" "EU Water Protection Directive" "industry" "Framework Water Directive" "river filtrate" "waterfowl" "water pollution" "rhizosphere" "dump impounded water" "turbomachine" "water supply" "water pollution prevention" "raw water" "deep water" "sea water protection" "outfall" "water evaporation" "water consumption" "water board decree" "biological water testing" "sea water fish" "water analysis" "sea water desalination" "material insoluble in water" "shore belt bird" "waste water disposal embargo" "waste water disposal scheme" "sea water" "drinking water preparation regulation" "sewage treatment plant" "turbidity of water" "drinking water" "water management plan" "general planning on water resources development" "sewage disposal" "residual amount of water" "flowing waters" "water management" "wastewater quality" "tail water" "condensate" "under water coating" "planning permission" "aquatic animal" "water temperature" "water reuse" "tide" "waste water treatment plant" "physical sewage treatment" "mechanical sewage treatment" "water resources" "international convention" "electrochemical sewage treatment" "chemical sewage treatment" "rural area" "anaerobic sewage treatment" "aerobic sewage treatment" "water mite" "permit" "drinking water supply" "drainage" "drinking water regulation" "water quantity management" "water volume" "water market" "water statistics" "water level" "water sports" "reservoir" "waste water treatment" "drinking water examination" "drinking water protection area" "water shortage" "solubility in water" "drinking water quality" "water line" "water conductivity" "low water" "regulation on securing of enough water" "law on the securing of enough water" "securing enough water" "shallow water" "protected water catchment area" "Act Pertaining to Charges Levied for Discharging Waste Water into Waters" "wastewater levy" "water cooling system" "discharged water" "water cycle" "hydroelectric power plant" "water power" "water partition" "waterborne sound" "water pollutant" "rainwater" "flood runoff" "drinking water treatment plant" "drinking water treatment" "pollution of waters" "sewerage system" "water contents" "vapour" "Water Hygiene Act" "water purification" "water act" "water association" "vadose water" "inland water way" "water hygiene" "water resources policy act" "biological water balance" "water hardness" "water pollution monitoring" "water sample" "water price" "water flow" "aquatic plant" "increasing water hardness" "water penny" "water surface" "surface runoff" "water utilization" "PWR-type reactor" "deep sea fishing" "inland waters" "algae bloom" "hydrologic balance" "water movement" "water bottom" "water quality model" "water deposit" "water protection directive" "water protection legislation" "water pollution control measure" "water pollution control act" "water pollution control deputy" "toilet" "pelagial" "water demand" "hydraulic construction" "water treatment" "water quality" "long distance water supply" "water catchment" "restoration of waters" "impounded water" "water act" "water company" "regulation of waters" "water content" "bilge water" "water ouzel" "water runoff" "water endangering" "regulation concerning water endangering matter" "wet-type cooling tower" "permit to exploit water" "reject water" "fresh water fish" "utilization of waters" "Framework Waste Water Administrative Regulation" "condition of water" "softening" "fresh water" "groundwater characteristics" "water fall" "administrative regulation on substances hazardous to water" "water prospecting" "water desalination" "lime water" "salt water" "black water" "drainage water" "Ground Water Ordinance" "Waste Water Ordinance" "Light water reactor" "washing water" "water sterilization" "ground water charges" "water softening" "quality of waters" "clarification basin planted with water plants" "endangering of water" "water saving" "water permeability" "cooling water" "available water supply" "steam" "water pool" "ecological assessment" 308 terms about “water” from the UmThes® Thesaurus

  5. Thesaurus Concept ISO 2788/5964 composite Morphology Term Synonym Component preferred Descriptor related broader as implemented in UmThes®

  6. Where is River Rhine? “Nördliche Oberrheinniederung natural landscape“ „Mainz-Bingen district“ „Waldshut district“ „Bodenseebecken natural landscape“ „Dinkelberg und Hochrheingebiet natural landscape“ „Hochrheintal natural landscape“ „Markgräfler Rheinebene natural landscape“ „Mittleres Oberrheintiefland natural landscape“ „Offenburger Rheinebene natural landscape“ „Nördliches Oberrheintiefland natural landscape“ „Vorderpfälzer Tiefland natural landscape“ „Mittelrheingebiet (mit Siebengebirge) natural landscape“ „Oberes Mittelrheintal natural landscape“ „Kölner Bucht (Köln-Bonner Rheinebene) natural landscape“ „Niederrheinisches Tiefland natural landscape“ „Mittlere Niederrheinebene natural landscape“ „Bodensee lake“ „Elz catchment area“ „Rhein von Murg bis Neckar catchment area“ „Rhein von Sieg bis Erft catchment area“ „Rhein von Lippe bis Maas catchment area“ „Franzosenkopf mountain“ „Rauhenberg mountain“ „Bregenzer Ache river“ „Argen river“ „Rotach river“ „Schussen river“ „Stockacher Aach river“ „Radolfzeller Aach river“ „Wutach river“ „Schwarta river“ „Aare river“ „Hauensteiner Alb river“ „Wehra river“ „Kander river“ „Sulzbach river“ „Möhlin river“ „Elz river“ „Kinzig river“ „Rench river“ „Sauerbach river“ „Murg river“ „Lauter river“ „Klingbach river“ „Pfinz river“ „Queich river“ „Saalbach river“ „Speyerbach river“ „Kraichbach river“ „Neckar river“ „Eckbach river“ „Eisbach river“ „Weschnitz river“ „Modau river“ „Schwarzbach river“ „Main river“ „Selz river“ „Nahe river“ „Lahn river“ „Mosel river“ „Saynbach river“ „Nette river“ „Wied river“ „Ahr river“ „Sieg river“ „Wupper river“ „Dhünn river“ „Erft river“ „Ruhr river“ „Emscher river“ „Lippe river“ „Schwarzwald mountains“ „Taunus mountains“ „Westerwald mountains“ „Siebengebirge mountains“ „Hunsrück mountains“ „Schwäbische Alb mountains“ „Düsseldorf community“ „Duisburg community“ „Krefeld community“ „Emmerich community“ „Kalkar community“ „Kleve community“ „Rees community“ „Hilden community“ „Langenfeld (Rhld.) community“ „Monheim am Rhein community“ „Dormagen community“ „Meerbusch community“ „Neuss community“ „Dinslaken community“ „Moers community“ „Rheinberg community“ „Voerde (Niederrhein) community“ „Wesel community“ „Xanten community“ „Bonn community“ „Köln community“ „Leverkusen community“ „Wesseling community“ „Bad Honnef community“ „Bornheim community“ „Königswinter community“ „Niederkassel community“ „Troisdorf community“ „Wachtberg community“ „Wiesbaden community“ „Biblis community“ „Bürstadt community“ „Groß-Rohrheim community“ „Lampertheim community“ „Biebesheim am Rhein community“ „Bischofsheim community“ „Gernsheim community“ „Ginsheim-Gustavsburg community“ „Riedstadt community“ „Stockstadt am Rhein community“ „Trebur community“ „Hochheim am Main community“ „Eltville am Rhein community“ „Geisenheim community“ „Lorch community“ „Oestrich-Winkel community“ „Rüdesheim am Rhein community“ „Walluf community“ „Koblenz community“ „Remagen community“ „Sinzig community“ „Bad Breisig community“ „Brohl-Lützing community“ „Gönnersdorf community“ „Burgbrohl community“ „Andernach community“ „Bendorf community“ „Brey community“ „Rhens community“ „Spay community“ „Niederwerth community“ „Urbar community“ „Vallendar community“ „Weitersburg community“ „Kaltenengers community“ „Kettig community“ „Mülheim-Kärlich community“ „Sankt Sebastian community“ „Urmitz community“ „Weißenthurm community“ „Neuwied community“ „Bad Hönningen community“ „Hammerstein community“ „Leutesdorf community“ „Rheinbrohl community“ „Dattenberg community“ „Leubsdorf community“ „Linz am Rhein community“ „Ockenfels community“ „Kasbach-Ohlenberg community“ „Bruchhausen community“ „Erpel community“ „Rheinbreitbach community“ „Unkel community“ „Boppard community“ „Hungenroth community“ „Karbach community“ „Oberwesel community“ „Sankt Goar community“ „Lahnstein community“ „Filsen community“ „Kamp-Bornhofen community“ „Osterspai community“ „Braubach community“ „Bornich community“ „Dörscheid community“ „Kaub community“ „Kestert community“ „Lykershausen community“ „Nochern community“ „Patersberg community“ „Prath community“ „Reichenberg community“ „Sankt Goarshausen community“ „Sauerthal community“ „Weisel community“ „Frankenthal (Pfalz) community“ „Ludwigshafen am Rhein community“ „Mainz community“ „Speyer community“ „Worms community“ „Osthofen community“ „Eich community“ „Gimbsheim community“ „Hamm community“ „Germersheim community“ „Wörth am Rhein community“ „Bellheim community“ „Berg (Pfalz) community“ „Hagenbach community“ „Neuburg am Rhein community“ „Jockgrim community“ „Neupotz community“ „Lingenfeld community“ „Hördt community“ „Kuhardt community“ „Leimersheim community“ „Altrip community“ „Bobenheim-Roxheim community“ „Neuhofen community“ „Römerberg community“ „Otterstadt community“ „Bingen am Rhein community“ „Budenheim community“ „Ingelheim am Rhein community“ „Bacharach community“ „Manubach community“ „Münster-Sarmsheim community“ „Niederheimbach community“ „Oberdiebach community“ „Oberheimbach community“ „Trechtingshausen community“ „Weiler bei Bingen community“ „Bodenheim community“ „Lörzweiler community“ „Nackenheim community“ „Gau-Algesheim community“ „Guntersblum community“ „Ludwigshöhe community“ „Heidesheim am Rhein community“ „Dexheim community“ „Dienheim community“ „Nierstein community“ „Oppenheim community“ „Bodensee community“ „Karlsruhe community“ „Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen community“ „Linkenheim-Hochstetten community“ „Rheinstetten community“ „Dettenheim community“ „Philippsburg community“ „Oberhausen-Rheinhausen community“ „Au am Rhein community“ „Elchesheim-Illingen community“ „Iffezheim community“ „Rastatt community“ „Steinmauern community“ „Lichtenau community“ „Rheinmünster community“ „Hügelsheim community“ „Mannheim community“ „Brühl community“ „Ketsch community“ ...... 423 locations intersecting with river Rhine

  7. The Gazetteer Model intersects Names Morphology GeoObject Types / Layers Coordinates part of addressed by Open GIS Consortium (OGC)

  8. What happened since Chernobyl? Accident at the Chernobyl reactor ??? Following a fire and minor explosion in one of the four reactors in the Ukrainian atomic power station Chernobyl, 10,000 km2 of the surrounding area is contaminated radioactively, affecting 640 communities and 230,000 inhabitants. There are 35 immediate fatalities, and opinion is still divided as to the extent of the long-term consequences. 1986-04-26

  9. Chronology sequence Names Morphology Event Types Temporal Extent related

  10. topic type topic association Integration in a Topic Map Topic Thesaurus Location Event Nation Descriptor Community Accident ex. USSR Nuclear Energy Ukraine broader Chernobyl radiation disaster 1986-04-26 situated in Nuclear Accident Chernobyl where what occurrence www.chernobyl.com/

  11. scopes What is a Topic Map? subject ID “anything whatsoever ...” names <baseName><displayName> <sortName> <variant> Identitysubject identifier topic Topic Type topic topic topic occurrences “addressable information objects grouped around topics” role role associations Association Type ISO/IEC FCD 13250:2000 - Topic Maps Prepared by: ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34 - Document Description and Processing Languages

  12. “In the most generic sense, a subject is anything whatsoever, regardless of whether it exists or has any other specific characteristics, about which anything whatsoever may be asserted by any means whatsoever.” ISO/IEC FCD 13250:2000 - Topic Maps

  13. + TimeSpan <start><duration> assoc. event assoc. assoc. assoc. Inheritance: Extension (used by SNS) Name <baseName><displayName> <sortName> <variant> Identity <subject><subjectIdentifier> topic Occurrences <title><role> <URL>

  14. XTM (Appendix to 13250) • One of two interchange formats (“XTM is not the standard”) • DTD – but no normative XML Schema • Does not support extensions of topic characteristics • No support of constraints (f.e. association templates) Announced: • 13250 Part X: The Standard Application Model • 13250 Part X: The Reference Model • ISO 18048: Topic Maps Query Language (TMQL) • ISO 19756: Topic Maps Constraint Language (TMCL) My humble opinion: OWL can be used.

  15. Topic abstract Topic Association The SNS Topic Typology Thesaurus related intersects broader related Location Event Descriptor where? what? preferred Synonym Conference, ... composite Administrative, ... Component Stopword To be extended by persons, organizations, environmental indicators, monitoring methods, species taxonomies, .........

  16. Graphical View (topic-centered) “climatic change” (center), 2 levels of associated topics

  17. A document-centered View “topic space” document  primary topic cluster topics grouped around addressable information objects loner secondary topic cluster

  18. recognize composite terms resolve ambiguities Automatic Classification read document rank by frequency separate stopwords rank by position recognize word position find near-by topic clusters find words in topic map compare to similar documents classification candidates verified candidates classification quality assurance use!

  19. Associative Search query text 1. topic2. topic3. topic..... 1. topic2. topic3. topic..... resulting documents As your query text input is handled like any other document, the query is matched to the searched content by a one-and-only auto-classification method.

  20. System Architecture Remote Applications Web Services Import/Export Java API Search & Navigation Auto- classification XTM, OWL Topic Map Design& Maintenance Database- interface corporate IT architecture corporate Knowledge Experts HTML GUI built on SchlumbergerSema XML Topic Map Engine

  21. SNSWeb Services SNS Web Services W3C Web Services Activity (Original picture by webservices.org)

  22. Web Services: Basic Architectural Roles from http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/

  23. sns-ws use case (1): retrieval colloquial language indexed documents domain terminology webservice retrieval domainknowledge base sns post search phrases find topics ? return significant topics present terms to user select search terms  present result set

  24. sns-ws use case (2): indexing high qualitymetadata indexed documents domain terminology webservice indexing domainknowledge base sns post new document autoclassify return significant topics present terms to indexer finalize metadata

  25. sns-ws use case (3): explore/edit what does it mean? indexed documents domain terminology webservice explore domainknowledge base sns query a keyword get topic characteristics ? return topic data definition, associations add or modify

  26. sns:findTopics search term <findTopics> <queryTerm>Mauersegler</queryTerm> <searchType>contains</searchType> <lang>de</lang> <path>/event</path> <fields>names</fields> </findTopics> search method topic type path fields to search results in a list of matching topics

  27. sns:getPSI *) referenced topic ID <getPSI> <id>4711</id> <distance>2</distance> </getPSI> depth of tree to be returned results in a tree of associated topics, with <id> as root. GET-request version: “http://sns.uba.de/getPSI?id=4711&distance=2” *) Published Subject Identifier (PSI) is a topic map paradigma about on-line accessible, published topic definitions.

  28. URI reference as “Published Subject Identifier“ Reference to “Berlin, Germany” provided by SNS http://sns.uba.de/getPSI?id=DE-BER Name of implemented identifier service. Domain of publisher Query as part of the URI reference. This URL will return the DE-BER definition as a <topic> in XML. This SNS Topic itself references UN/LOCODE “DE BER”, but not US BRB Berlin; US BIK Berlin; US BML Berlin; USXBT Berlin; US BRI Berlin

  29. sns:autoClassify <autoClassify> <document>... any text to be classified ... </document> <url>http://..../doc.html</url> <lang>de</lang> </autoClassify> text to be classified may be given by value, or by URI reference results in a list of significant topics that classify the document

  30. WS Versus Past EAI Technologies • Global scale • WS has a global architecture, infrastructure (e.g., DNS and the Internet) and support organization in place. • Simplicity • Conceptually simple. Simple to ‘bolt-on’ to existing infrastructures (e.g., EJB, CORBA, COM, …) • Loose coupling • WS is an interface/protocol: • WS does not force an implementation model • No need for administrators to establish connections between groups. • Implementation encapsulation: Does not directly operate on objects. Interfaces less brittle. • The result is industry buy-in • Backed by Microsoft, IBM, and the Java community, … as well as middleware and packaged applications.

  31. WS for SNS • Global scale • SNS WS enables 80 environmental authorities to exploit and provide the ontology, classification, and indexing services using existing infrastructure • Simplicity • Local authorities can join when and to the degree desired • Loose coupling • Local authorities do not need to rewrite legacy systems • Services approach means that they don’t have to expose implementation details, use unfamiliar implementation techniques • The result is buy-in

  32. Conclusion • SNS allows active usage of the ontology for any network member; • Avoids multiple platform support and physical distribution of the ontology server application; • Enables local database search methods to understand the topics to search for (in the gein® context); • Provides the shared ontology to local Intranets and regional public information systems.

  33. For more information Thomas Bandholtz tbandholtz@slb.com,thomas@bandholtz.infoKM Solution Manager, SchlumbergerSema, Cologne (DE)Member, OASIS TC Published Subjects & GeoLang (Topic Maps) http://www.schlumbergersema.com/ Adam Farquhar afarquhar@slb.comKM Architect, Schlumberger, Austin, TX Federal Environmental Agency, Germany: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/index-e.htm German Environmental Information Network: http://www.gein.de Guide to the topic map standards.http://www.y12.doe.gov/sgml/sc34/document/0323.htm ISO/IEC (JTC 1/SC34) 13250:1999 (Topic Maps) http://www.y12.doe.gov/sgml/sc34/document/0129.pdf OASIS Topic Maps Published Subjects TC http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ OASIS Topic Maps Published Subjects for Geography and Languages (GeoLang) TC http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/geolang/

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