Inter American University of Puerto Rico Guayama Campus

1. Inter American University of Puerto RicoGuayama Campus Title V Cooperative Project Past Tense Module Prof. Marisol Piazza Aguirre

2. Instructions Use the following buttons to navigate through this module: Use this button to move to the next slide. Use this button to move to the previous slide. Use this button to move to the last viewed slide. Use this button to view the answer to the exercise.

3. Purpose This module proposes to expand the basic teaching-learning activities of English included in the Title V Cooperative Project: “Improving Academic Outcomes Through a Technology-Based Consortium Program for the Core Curriculum”. The project is integrated by the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico in Ponce from where it is directed, the Arecibo, Mayagüez and Guayama Campuses, the School of Plastic Arts of Puerto Rico and Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Guayama Campus.

4. Introduction One of the most important verb tenses an ESL student should master to communicate effectively in English orally as well as in written form is the Simple Past Tense. This module has been designed for all college students but specially for you students who are registered in the basic English as a Second Language I, GEEN 1101 course. In this module, you will study the rules of how to use the Simple Past.

5. Objectives General Objective: By the end of this module, the student will develop confidence and demonstrate knowledge using the Simple Past Tense correctly to express completed actions and to state past facts. Specific Objective: At the end of this module, the student will use affirmative and negative sentences, direct questions, short yes/no answers, wh-questions (information questions) and answers giving pertinent information in the Simple Past Tense.

6. Pre-Test Select the best answer. __ 1. The past tense of the regular verb “work” is ____. (A) worked (B) work (C) works __ 2. The past tense of the irregular verb “go” is _____. (A) gone (B) went (C) goes __ 3. Mayra and Miguel _____ a lot at their wedding last Saturday. (A) danced (B) dance (C) dancing __ 4. We ____ at the movies last night. (A) are (B) was (C) were __ 5. The tree _____ during the storm last month. (A) fall (B) fell (C) felt

7. Pre-Test __ 6. Bob ____ alcohol at the party last weekend. (A) didn’t drank (B) didn’t drinked (C) didn’t drink __ 7. Jeffrey ____ for his final exams last week. (A) didn’t studyed (B) didn’t studied (C) didn’t study __ 8. We ____ fast foods last month. (A) didn’t ate (B) didn’t eat (C) didn’t eated __ 9. Mrs. González _____ me the message yesterday. (A) didn’t give (B) didn’t gived (C) didn’t gave __10. The house ____ on sale last year. (A) wasn’t (B) weren’t (C) isn’t

8. Pre-Test __ 11. __ you ___ reservations for the hotel last month? (A) Did, make (B) Did, made (C) Did, maked __ 12. ___ your dog the winner of the most obedient dog contest last year? (A) Were (B) Was (C) Is __ 13. __ the students __ the new book for the English course? (A) Did, bought (B) Did, buyed (C) Did, buy __ 14. __ Mr. and Mrs. Soto __ their trip to Egypt last summer? (A) Did, enjoyed (B) Did, enjoy (C) Did, enjoied __ 15. ___ Ana and Robert honor students last semester ? (A) Are (B) Were (C) Was

9. Pre-Test __ 16. What __ you __ this past weekend? (A) did, does (B) did, did (C) did, do __ 17. When ___ Alice ___ ? (A) was, born (B) were, born (C) is, born __ 18. Why __ the airplane ___ late last night? (A) did, arrived (B) does, arrive (C) did, arrive __ 19. Where __ Albert __ his car? (A) did, fixed (B) did, fix (C) does, fixed __ 20. Who __ you __ at the convention? (A) did, saw (B) did, seed (C) did, see

10. Pre-Test Answer Key 1. A 11. A 2. B 12. B 3. A 13. C 4. C 14. B 5. B 15. B 6. C 16. C 7. C 17. A 8. B 18. C 9. A 19. B 10.A 20. C

11. Pre-Test Evaluation Total Correct Answers 20 Excellent: Go to the Post-Test. 19 Very Good: Review the incorrect answer and go to the Post-Test. 18-12 Good: Review the incorrect answers, study the rules presented in this module, do the practice exercises and then go to the Post- Test. 11 or You Need More Practice: Study the module, less review the rules carefully and do the practice exercises. When you improve your score, you may go to the Post-Test.

12. Past Tense Spelling Rules Regular Verbs -ed Spelling Rules ___________________________________________________________ 1. Add -ed to most verbs. walk-walked ___________________________________________________________ 2. Add -d to verbs that end in e. dance-danced ___________________________________________________________ 3. When a verb has one syllable and stop-stopped ends in CVC, double the consonant and add -ed. But: When a one syllable verb ends in fax-faxed w, x, or y don’t double the last consonant, just add -ed.

13. Past Tense Spelling Rules 4. When a verb ends in a consonant + study-studied y change the y to i and add -ed.. But: When a verb ends in a vowel + play-played y keep the y and add -ed. Remember: C= Consonant V= Vowel CVC= Consonant + Vowel + Consonant

14. Simple Past Tense Rules Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs are different from regular verbs, there are no rules for learning them. You must study the irregular verbs and learn or memorize them. There is an Irregular Verb List in the Appendix of your English course textbook. If you do not have a textbook, you may ask your English professors for a copy of the list or download one from the Internet at: http://owl.english.purdue.edu

15. Examples of Irregular Verbs Examples of Irregular Verbs: Present Past be (am, is, are) was, were buy bought do/does did drink drank eat ate fall fell give gave go went make made see saw understand understood wear wore write wrote etc…

16. Simple Past Tense Time Expressions Past Tense Time Expressions Past Tense Time Expressions are words or phrases in sentences that indicate when the action occurred. Examples: yesterday 10 minutes ago yesterday morning 5 days ago yesterday afternoon 3 weeks ago yesterday evening 2 Saturdays ago last night 4 months ago last Friday 7 years ago last week 2 semesters ago

17. Simple Past Tense Time Expressions Examples Continuation: last weekend 2 winters ago last month in 1912 last semester in the 70’s last year in the 90’s last summer in the year 1994 last Christmas on December 25th, 2005 etc…

18. Simple Past Tense Rules Affirmative Sentences In affirmative sentences you use the verb and the time expression in the past tense. Examples using Regular Verbs: (study) 1. Sandra studied French last year. (enjoy) 2. We enjoyed our vacation on a cruise last summer. (wash) 3. Felipe washed the windows and screens yesterday. (watch) 4. I watched TV until late last night. (smile) 5. The children smiled when they saw the candy.

19. Simple Past Tense Rules Affirmative Sentences Continuation Examples using Irregular Verbs: (make) 1. My mother made lasagña last Saturday. (take) 2. The children took a nap after lunch. (is) 3. Danny was in Iraq five years ago. (are) 4. The teenagers were tired after their hiking trip. (give) 5. Prof. Torres gave his students a bonus for their great work on their research projects last week.

20. Simple Past Tense Rules Negative Sentences There are two patterns you should consider for Negative sentences: Pattern #1: For Regular and Irregular Verbs use: Subject + didn’t + Verb (basic form)… Examples of Regular Verbs: (study) 1. Sandra didn’t study French last year. (wash) 2. Felipe didn’t wash the windows and screens yesterday. Examples of Irregular Verbs: (make) 1. My mother didn’t make lasagna last Saturday. (take) 2. The children didn’t take a nap after lunch.

21. Simple Past Tense Rules Negative Sentences Continuation Pattern #2: For Verb “ Be” use: Subject + wasn’t or weren’t… Examples: (was) * 1. Danny wasn’t in Iraq five years ago. (were) *2. The teenagers weren’t tired after their hiking trip. *Note: Observe how Verb “Be” changes to the negative form.

22. Simple Past Tense Rules Direct Questions and Yes/No Answers Study the following patterns and rules to learn how to make direct questions and give short answers in the past tense. Pattern #1: Direct Questions (Regular & Irregular Verbs): Did + Subject + Verb (basic form) … ? Short Answers: Yes, ___ did. No, ___ didn’t.

23. Simple Past Tense Rules Examples: (study) 1. (Q) Did Sandra study French last year? (A) Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. (take) 2. (Q) Did the children take a nap after lunch? (A) Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. Q= Question/A=Answer

24. Simple Past Tense Rules Direct Questions and Yes/No Answers Continuation Pattern #2: Direct Questions and short answers with “Verb Be”: 1. (Q) Was + Subject … ? (A) Yes, __ was. No, __ wasn’t. 2. (Q) Were + Subject … ? (A) Yes, __ were. No, __ weren’t.

25. Simple Past Tense Rules Examples: (was) 1. (Q) Was Danny in Iraq five years ago? (A) Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. (were) 2. (Q) Were the teenagers tired after their hiking trip? (A) Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

26. Simple Past Tense Rules Wh-Questions and Answers Study the following patterns and rules to learn how to make wh-questions to ask for information. Observe that when you answer, you give information, you do not answer yes or no as in direct questions. Pattern #1: Wh-Questions: Regular and Irregular Verbs: What When Where + did + Subject + Verb (Basic form)… ? Who Which Why How…

27. Simple Past Tense Rules Examples: (study) 1. (Q) What did Sandra study last year? (A) She studied French. (take) 2. (Q) When did the children take a nap? (A) They took a nap after lunch. Observe: When you ask questions in the past tense, the verb must be used in the basic form, but when you answer, the verb must be used in the past tense form.

28. Simple Past Tense Rules Pattern #2: Wh-Questions: “Verb Be”: What When Where + was + Subject … ? Who were Which Why How

29. Past Tense Rules Examples: 1. (Q) Where was Danny five years ago? (A) He was in Iraq. 2. (Q) How were the teenagers after their hiking trip? (A) They were tired.

30. Simple Past Tense Practice Exercise Select the best answer. __ 1. Teresa ___ absent from work last week. (A) is (B) was (C) were __ 2. I ___ violin at the school concert last Wednesday. (A) plaied (B) played (C) play __ 3. The students ____ a lot of oral presentations last semester. (A) gived (B) give (C) gave __ 4. It ___ all day yesterday. (A) rained (B) rain (C) raind __ 5. Miguel and Helen ___ in high school in 1998. (A) are (B) was (C) were

31. Simple Past Tense Practice Exercise __ 6. The cat ___ all its milk, I think it was not hungry. (A) didn’t drank (B) didn’t drinked (C) didn’t drink __ 7. The students ___ their uniforms yesterday because it was Casual Day. (A) didn’t weared (B) didn’t wear (C) didn’t wore __ 8. Carlos ____ at the meeting yesterday morning. (A) isn’t (B) wasn’t (C) weren’t __ 9. I ___ Peter at the basketball game last weekend. (A) didn’t see (B) didn’t saw (C) didn’t seed __ 10. We ___ our trip to Canada because of the cold weather. (A) didn’t enjoyed (B) didn’t enjoied (C) didn’t enjoy

32. Simple Past Tense Practice Exercise __ 11. ___ you at the gym yesterday? (A) Were (B) Was (C) Are __ 12. ___ the tourists __ souvenirs? (A) Did, buy (B) Did, buyed (C) Did, bought __ 13. ___ the food ready when the guests arrived? (A) Were (B) Are (C) Was __ 14. ___ Bob and Betty ___ at the supermarket last night? (A) Did, stop (B) Did, stoped (C) Did, stopped __ 15. ___ Mr. Wilson ___ the recommendation letter yesterday? (A) Did, faxed (B) Did, fax (C) Did, faxxed

33. Simple Past Tense Practice Exercise __ 16. When ___ José ___ the car? (A) did, washed (B) did, washet (C) did, wash __ 17. Who ___ the salmon? It’s delicious! (A) made (B) make (C) maked __ 18. How ___ your job interview last Monday? (A) were (B) is (C) was __ 19. When ___ your father ___ you permission to drive his car? (A) did, gave (B) did, gived (C) did, give __ 20. Why ___ the people late to the activity last night? (A) were (B) are (C) be

34. Simple Past Tense Practice Exercises Answer Key 1. B 11. A 2. B 12. A 3. C 13. C 4. A 14. A 5. C 15. B 6. C 16. C 7. B 17. A 8. B 18. C 9. A 19. C 10.C 20. A

35. Practice Exercise Evaluation Total Correct Answers 20 Excellent: Go to the Post-Test. 19 Very Good: Review the incorrect answer and go to the Post-Test. 18-12 Good: Review the incorrect answers, consult the module again and then go to the Post- Test. 11 or You Need More Practice: Study the module, less review the rules carefully and do the practice exercises again. When you improve your score, you may go to the Post-Test.

36. Post-Test Select the best answer. __ 1. The past tense of the regular verb “work” is ____. (A) worked (B) work (C) works __ 2. The past tense of the irregular verb “go” is _____. (A) gone (B) went (C) goes __ 3. Mayra and Miguel _____ a lot at their wedding last Saturday. (A) danced (B) dance (C) dancing __ 4. We ____ at the movies last night. (A) are (B) was (C) were __ 5. The tree _____ during the storm last month. (A) fall (B) fell (C) felt

37. Post-Test __ 6. Bob ____ alcohol at the party last weekend. (A) didn’t drank (B) didn’t drinked (C) didn’t drink __ 7. Jeffrey ____ for his final exams last week. (A) didn’t studyed (B) didn’t studied (C) didn’t study __ 8. We ____ fast foods last month. (A) didn’t ate (B) didn’t eat (C) didn’t eated __ 9. Mrs. González _____ me the message yesterday. (A) didn’t give (B) didn’t gived (C) didn’t gave __10. The house ____ on sale last year. (A) wasn’t (B) weren’t (C) isn’t

38. Post-Test __ 11. __ you ___ reservations for the hotel last month? (A) Did, make (B) Did, made (C) Did, maked __ 12. ___ your dog the winner of the most obedient dog contest last year? (A) Were (B) Was (C) Is __ 13. __ the students __ the new book for the English course? (A) Did, bought (B) Did, buyed (C) Did, buy __ 14. __ Mr. and Mrs. Soto __ their trip to Egypt last summer? (A) Did, enjoyed (B) Did, enjoy (C) Did, enjoied __ 15. ___ Ana and Robert honor students last semester ? (A) Are (B) Were (C) Was

39. Post-Test __ 16. What __ you __ this past weekend? (A) did, does (B) did, did (C) did, do __ 17. When ___ Alice ___ ? (A) was, born (B) were, born (C) is, born __ 18. Why __ the airplane ___ late last night? (A) did, arrived (B) does, arrive (C) did, arrive __ 19. Where __ Albert __ his car? (A) did, fixed (B) did, fix (C) does, fixed __ 20. Who __ you __ at the convention? (A) did, saw (B) did, seed (C) did, see

40. Post-Test Answer Key 1. A 11. A 2. B 12. B 3. A 13. C 4. C 14. B 5. B 15. B 6. C 16. C 7. C 17. A 8. B 18. C 9. A 19. B 10.A 20. C

41. Post-Test Evaluation Total Correct Answers 20 Excellent: Congratulations! You have successfully completed this module. You may work on a different module if necessary. 19 Very Good: Review the incorrect answer. You may work on a different module if necessary. 18-12 Good: Review the incorrect answers, review the areas of difficulty and take the Post-Test again. 11 or You Need More Practice: I recommend that you less review the complete module and when you are ready, take the Post-Test again.

42. Letter to the Student Congratulations ! You have completed the Simple Past module. If you still have questions concerning the rules, I advise you to review this module again. If you understand all of the rules and examples presented, you can work with a different module. Remember you learn by practicing, therefore use the Simple Past in your daily conversations and written work.