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The Oregon Territory

The Oregon Territory. BC to 1896. The HBC. George Simpson Governor of HBC in 1826 Territory of New Caledonia and Columbia biggest challenge Russian claims on West Coast American claims to Oregon Territory HBC saw Oregon Territory as an expansion of Rupert’s Land.

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The Oregon Territory

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  1. The Oregon Territory BC to 1896

  2. The HBC • George Simpson • Governor of HBC in 1826 • Territory of New Caledonia and Columbia biggest challenge • Russian claims on West Coast • American claims to Oregon Territory • HBC saw Oregon Territory as an expansion of Rupert’s Land

  3. HBC in Oregon Territory • Simpson toured HBC forts in territory • Decided HBC wasn’t making best use of the area resources • Created new post on Columbia River • Fort Vancouver • Chief Factor John McLoughlin • Ordered HBC employees to open up trade in Fraser Valley • Expand trading networks with Native peoples in the region

  4. The Oregon Territory • HBC had no intention of encouraging settlement • Would disrupt the fur trade • Undermine HBC’s monopoly in the area • US’s population rapidly growing • Seemed fated to control all of North America • US pursued aggressive policy towards territory • Encourage settlers to move into the area

  5. Area seemed to be rich in furs • 1827: Fort Langley • McLoughlin: saw that US was going to settle area south of Columbia River • Encouraged American settlers to go there and stay out of HBC territory • Reduce Am. competition • Simpson thought Am. settlers should be treated harshly • End of 1830’s: strong Am. presence in Oregon Territory

  6. Russians on the West Coast • Establish a # of fur trading posts in Alaska • Extended influence along the northern NW Coast • 1839: HBC and Russians agreed the Russians would cease their operations south of the 54 40’N • HBC supply Russian posts in Alaska with food • HBC steamship the Beaver (1835) • Also used as mobile base for trading with Native peoples

  7. 1841: Simpson toured area • Decided to consolidate the operations of the maritime fur trade • All coastal ports closed (except Fort Simpson) • The Beaver would be used as floating fur-trade post • McLoughlin furious • McLoughlin developed hatred of HBC and Simpson • Cont’d to encourage Am. settlement S of the Columbia

  8. Fort Victoria • Simpson alarmed at growing Am. presence in Oregon Territory • Fear that Fort Vancouver would be lost • Ordered Chief Factor James Douglas to est. a new depot on Vancouver Island • 1843: Fort Victoria

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