The Earth Science Vision for 2025: A NASA Perspective

1. The Earth Science Vision for 2025: A NASA Perspective Peter Hildebrand, Mark Schoeberl, Warren Wiscombe, Mariann Albjerg, NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center Martin Mlynczak, NASA / Langley Research Center, Langley Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory David Petersen, NASA / Ames Research Center Rick Miller, NASA / Stennis Research Center Timothy Miller, NASA / Marshall Space Flight Center Jack Kaye, Granville Paules,NASA / Headquarters

2. NASA Vision and Mission NASA Vision: To improve life here, To extend life to there, To find life beyond NASA Mission: To understand and protect our home planet To explore the universe and search for life To inspire the next generation of explorers

4. ESV Research Focus Areas • Long-term climate • decades to centuries • Medium-term climate • seasons to years • Severe weather • hurricane landfall, floods, draught, … • Biosphere, ecosystems, human interactions • ecological forecasting, sustainability, … • Solid earth, ice sheets and sea level • volcanism, sea level rise, …

5. EARTH SCIENCE VISION 2025 WORKING GROUPS NASA HQ EARTH SCIENCE VISION Mary Cleave Mariann Albjerg, Ron Birk, Aprille Ericsson, Shahid Habib, Peter Hildebrand, Jack Kaye, George Komar, Gran Paules, Edwin Sheffner, Greg Stover, Azita Valinia, Greg Williams LONG TERM CLIMATE David Rind, Richard Somerville Peter H. Gleick, Chris Kummerow Daniel Hillel, Cynthia Rosenzweig Waleed Abdalati SOLID EARTH Ben Chao, Tom Farr Bruce Douglas, Eric Rignot C.K. Shum, John Wahr Robert, Bindschadler John LaBrecque VISION STEERING GROUP Warren Wiscombe, Peter Hildebrand Mark Schoeberl, Marty Mlynczak Carol Raymond, David Peterson Tim Miller, Rick Miller Mariann Albjerg MEDIUM-TERM CLIMATE Michele Rienecker, Daniel Jacob Jack Fishman, Dennis Lettenmaier Siegfried Schubert, Steve Schwartz Roger Bales, Tsengdar Lee EXTREME WEATHER Scott Braun, Steve Goodman Rick Anthes, Chris Kummerow Chris Velden, Craig Bishop Kerry Emanuel, Ralph Petersen Jim Dodge BIOSPHERE – ECOSYSTEM -- HUMAN INTERACTIONS John. Schnase, Sara Graves James Clark, Thomas Stohlgren James Smith, Jim Quinn Joseph Coughlan, Chuck Trees

6. NASA Earth Science - 2025 Research Priorities • availability of water • under the stress of long term climate changes, • intra-seasonal to seasonal weather and climate variability • no current theoretical basis to explain major changes in weather on these scales. • predictability of tropical storms • track and intensities, • ecologicalforecasting • species identification and changes, • linkage between sea level and changes in climate • and other aspects of the Earth system.

7. NASA Earth Science - 2025 Additional Research Topics • understanding the hydrologic cycle • under the effects of the changing climate; • ecosystem health • biodiversity changes and invasive species; • severe storm systems • tornado, hail, winter snow and ice storms; • forecasting earthquakes and volcanoes

8. NASA Earth Science - 2025 Observational Requirements • availability of water • relation to long-term climate change • intra-seasonal climate variability • causes, predictability • tropical storms • predictability • Measure atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems • circulation and causes of variability • transport of heat • in atmosphere: • profiles temperature, humidity, and winds • atmospheric chemical constituents • aerosol loading • Measure at temporal and spatial scales appropriate to the physical processes.

9. NASA Earth Science - 2025 Observational Requirements • availability of water • relation to long-term climate change • intra-seasonal climate variability • causes, predictability • tropical storms • predictability • ecological forecasting • sea level linkage to climate • Measure full hydrologic cycle • response to climate change • Measure • precipitation • evaporation • clouds • cycling through ground and surface water flow • ground water storage • ocean circulation, SST, topography and salinity • ice and frozen surfaces • Measure at temporal and spatial scales appropriate to the physical processes.

10. NASA Earth Science - 2025 Observational Requirements • availability of water • relation to long-term climate change • intra-seasonal climate variability • causes, predictability • tropical storms • predictability • ecological forecasting • sea level linkage to climate • Measure Earth’s land and ocean surface: • surface topography • surface temperature, humidity, roughness • boundary layer depth • atmosphere - ocean fluxes • ice and frozen surfaces. • Measure at temporal and spatial scales appropriate to the physical processes.

11. NASA Earth Science - 2025 Modeling Requirements • four dimensional, ensemble models • numerical framework within which new theories can be developed, tested and improved • improved atmospheric and ocean model physics • sub-grid scale parameterizations of the hydrological, turbulent and air-sea/land-sea interaction. • ability to model and map biological resources, • biological structures, functional capability, physiological state, biological production mapping, etc. • modeling at temporal and spatial scales appropriate to the physical processes.