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Earth Science

Earth Science. EQ – What is Earth Science? Earth Science – the study of the earth and the universe around it. Braches of Earth Science. Geology ( physical & historical ) study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid earth Oceanography study of the earth’s oceans Meteorology

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Earth Science

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  1. Earth Science EQ – What is Earth Science? Earth Science – the study of the earth and the universe around it.

  2. Braches of Earth Science • Geology (physical & historical) • study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid earth • Oceanography • study of the earth’s oceans • Meteorology • study of the earth’s atmosphere • Astronomy • study of the universe beyond earth

  3. Why study earth science? • Dynamic earth - always changing • Plate Tectonics – earthquakes, volcanoes, etc • Storms,, floods, etc. • Origin of the universe • History of the earth • Natural resources • To Understand the Earth as a “system” made up of many parts

  4. Formation of Earth • Nebular Hypothesis – solar system evolved from a nebula (cloud of gas & dust). • Earth was initially molten (radioactive decay & collisions). This allowed differentiation or layering. • Heavy material sank & lighter material rose toward surface. • Crust, Mantle, & Core

  5. Earth’s Major Spheres • Hydrosphere – 71% of Earth’s surface • 97% salty / 3% fresh • Atmosphere – gases surrounding Earth • 78% nitrogen / 21% oxygen • Geosphere – solid part of Earth • Divided into core, mantle, & crust • Biosphere - life

  6. Earth “System” Science An approach of studying the Earth as a system, made up of many interacting parts. • What powers the Earth system (processes)? • Sun – powers external systems • Earth’s interior (heat) – powers internal systems • Constructive vs Destructive process • What is the difference?? • Weathering & erosion vs. Plate Tectonics

  7. Ecology The study of the relationship between living things and their environment; many different environments. • Ecosystem – community of organisms and their environment • Largest ecosystem is called the biosphere and encompasses all life on earth.

  8. Environmental Issues • Pollution - contamination of the environment • Biodegradable. • Non-biodegradable • Resources - naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable • Renewable vsnon-renewable resources • Over population • Climate

  9. The Scientific Method • A systematic approach to problem solving. • Stating the problem (observation) • Gathering information • Forming a hypothesis (proposed solution) • Performing experiments to test the hypothesis • Recording & analyzing data • Stating a conclusion • Repeating the work.

  10. Testing the Hypothesis • Experiments are performed according to specific rules. • Variable - the factor being tested • only one variable to be tested at a time(manipulated or independent variable) • Resulting change is calledresponding (dependent) variable • To eliminate the possibility of hidden or unknown variables, a control experiment must also be run. Control experiment does not contain the manipulated variable.

  11. Evolution of the Scientific Observation • Observation • Hypothesis - proposed solution / educated guess • Theory - a logical time tested explanation • Law – a concise statement of the observed experimental facts that has been tested many times and is generally accepted as true.

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