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Blood & circulation

Blood & circulation. Circulation. Your body resembles a large roadmap, There are routes or “arteries” that take you downtown to the “heart” of the city. Open vs. Closed Circulation. There are two types of circulatory systems:

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Blood & circulation

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  1. Blood & circulation

  2. Circulation • Your body resembles a large roadmap, There are routes or “arteries” that take you downtown to the “heart” of the city.

  3. Open vs. Closed Circulation There are two types of circulatory systems: OPEN: this means that blood does not flow through specific vessels, but rather it travels where it needs to go by muscular contractions( there is a heart) and “bathes” the organisms cells. Mollusks, grasshoppers, insects, and other invertebrates CLOSED: this is where the blood travels within enclosed vessels and structures and travels to where it is needed and diffuses the substances it carries across cell membranes. Vertebrates and some invertebrates( earthworm)

  4. 3 Major Parts of the Circulatory system • Blood Vessels- routes blood travels • Heart– pumps or pushes blood through body • Blood– carries important “ *stuff ” through body * Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste

  5. # 1 Blood Vessels : One Way Streets • Blood Vessels resemble very long and skinny tunnels that are all through your body.

  6. - carry oxygenated blood away - Capillaries are the thinnest - carry blood containing carbon from the heart, to the cells that need arteries and veins. They are only dioxide back to the heart. them one cell wide - Thickest blood vessel - thinnest blood vessel - not as thick as arteries or thin capillaries

  7. #2 The Heart • 4 chambers ( or compartments ) • 2 upper chambers : Left Atrium Right Atrium • 2 lower chambers : Left Ventricle Right Ventricle

  8. Blood Flow through the Human Body Blood enters the heart from the( superior or inferior) vena cava( a large vein)…. It enters the right atrium…. Through the tricuspid valve…… to the right ventricle……. Pulmonary artery……LUNGS……pulmonary vein…….left atrium……through biscupid valve…….left ventricle…….aorta… … BODY *** pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood.. Vis versa for pulmonary vein -video

  9. Dub Lub SYSTOLIC VS. DIASTOLIC How blood pressure is measured!! Systolic is the top number and measures the pressure exerted on your blood vessels, where as, diastolic is the bottom number and measures the pressure in your vessels between heartbeats. 120/ 60 If you listen to your heartbeat, it makes a lub dub sound. The lub is when blood is pushed out of the heart into the body and the dub is the reloading of the heart with more blood ready to push it out to the body

  10. Heart Rate can be determined using a • Stethoscope Pulse rate is a measure of your heart beat- this is different from blood pressure!!

  11. What affects heart rate??? • Body temperature • Drugs( antibiotics, alcohol, addictive drugs) • Nerves- vagus nerve slows up heart rate while the cardioaccelerator nerve speeds it up

  12. SA node is located in the atrium- it’s the hearts’ natural pacemaker. It directly affects the contraction of the atrium AV node is located in between the atria and ventricles and directly affects the behavior of the ventricles.

  13. Heart Diseases • Heart Murmur • Arteriosclerosis • Stroke • Hypertension • Myocardial infarction • Rheumatic fever/ strep infection • Pacemaker placement- due to faulty SA node( responsible for the electrical impulse that starts heartbeat)

  14. Components of Blood and its’ Job • Blood’s job is to transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, vitamins, cell wastes, water, hormones, and enzymes. • It regulates pH, water balance, body temperature • Protection from bacteria, viruses, cancer cells • Clotting

  15. Your Blood is made of • Plasma • Liquid part of blood • Red Blood Cells( erythrocytes) -They carry oxygen to all parts of the body -no nucleus -contain HgB -live 120-130 days

  16. White Blood Cell( leukocytes) • Fight and kill germs that may enter your bloodstream • Larger than rbc’s • Have a nucleus • Capable of phagocytosis • Several types • Live about 14 days • Infantry Artillery Phagocytes Lymphocytes

  17. Platelets • Form “scabs” when you cut yourself • Helps stop the bleeding • No nucleus • Live about 7 days

  18. Blood Types There are 4 main Blood Types: Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O *** type is determined by the ags( antigens) on the rbc surface and abs( antibodies) in the plasma ** BLOOD TYPE IS GENETICALLY DETERMINED • Dr. Charles Drew* click on link for history of the Blood Bank

  19. There are several RARE blood types in existence. These of course create problems for blood banks because………………………………………………… Rh factor- (Rhesus) is another important part in identifying blood type. Most of the population is Rh + which means their blood cells are marked with the Rh antigen. This factor is extremely important in pregnancy. WHO IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR??? WHO IS THE UNIVERSAL RECEIPIENT??? Why?????????????????

  20. Diseases of the Blood • Anemias- Aplastic, sickle cell, Thalassemia…… • Leukemias- acute and chronic • AIDS • Polycythemia vera • Von Willebrand’s • Hemophilia

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