Kobe, Japan – Earthquake

1. Physical Geography Case studies River Vyrnwy, UK – water supply, dam Eyjafjoell, Iceland – Volcanic eruption River Severn, Gloucester, UK – river flooding Haiti, Caribbean - earthquake Mappleton, Holderness – rapid coastal erosion Yellowstone, USA - supervolcano Japan - Tsunami Andes Mts, S America – Fold Mountains Kobe, Japan – Earthquake Bangladesh – River Flooding, Sea level rise and Coastal Flooding Winterton on Sea, UK – sand dune succession Mt Pinatubo, Philippines – Volcanic eruption

2. Human Geography Case studies Blackpool, UK – tourism, resort life cycle Kerela, India – Population Control Norwich, UK (Riverside)- sustainable city, landuse zones Eastern Europe to UK - migration France – Aging Population, Stage 5 China – One Child Policy Dubai, UAE - tourism Mexico to USA - Migration Kibera, Kenya – squatter settlements Brazil – NE to SE Internal Migration, Favelas Kenya - tourism Antarctica – Extreme tourism Galapagos Islands, S America - ecotourism Norfolk Broads and Lake District, UK – National Parks

3. Eyjafjoell, Iceland 2010 95,000 flights cancelled, 313 airports closed, 2010, 9,000m ash cloud River Severn, Gloucester 2007 £200mill, 2000 evacuated, 120mm in 24hrs, Plynlimon Hills, bowsers, river rose by 1-4 Haiti, Caribbean 2mill homeless, 200,000 died, 90% of buildings destroyed Bangladesh River 1998 1050 died, monsoon, 60% of country flooded, 11,000km roads, $2bill cost, Nepal, snowmelt Yellowstone, USA Supervolcano, caldera, 1000m³ material emitted 5miles below ground, VEI 8, hot spot River Vyrnwy, Wales Transfer water, 1881 Mappleton, Holderness 2m/yr erosion, B1242, LSD N to S, £2mill on defence, 10m/yr to S, boulder clay Andes Mts, S. America Farming terraces, tin mining, Yanachocha gold mine, HEP, tourism Machu Picchu Bangladesh Coastal Flooding 75% less than 10m above sea level, tropical cyclones, storm surges, sea level rise Kobe, Japan 1995 5,500 people died, 180,000 buildings detsroyed, 20km from epicentre, liquefactiona nd fire, 7.2 richter scale, Hanshin Highway Winterton on Sea , UK Sand dune succession, pioneer plants, humus Mt Pinatubo, Indonesia 1991 600km radius, $1/2bill, 250,000 evacuated, 30km ash cloud, 5000 buildings collapse, Typhoon Yunya, lahars, 1991/2 harvests detsroyed Japan – Tsunami 8.9 richter scale, 1m high 500mph, nuclear power explosions Fukushima, Sangai destroyed

4. Blackpool, UK 19th Century for factory workers, Golden Mile, stagnation and rejuvenation, super casino bid would have resulted in £2bill investment Kerela, India Contraception and social changes, BR 18, Life Exp 73, Adult literacy 91%, Right to Literacy, minimum wages and land distributed Dubai, UAE 10 million visitors, duty free shopping, diving China, Asia One Child Policy, 1970s baby boom and possible famine, 1979 policy marry later, one child, sterilised, salary increase if follow with housing and other financial benefits, Little Emperors, Granny Police, 1billion people Antarctica Started in 1950s, 46,00 tourists, extreme environment, Antarctica Peninsula, SSSI, limit no 500+ ships Kenya, Africa Leakage, development, Mombasa, Mt Kenya and Kilimanjaro, safari, informal sector, $800 million over 50% of GDP Brazil, S America Migration form NE to SE, drought polygon, industrial triangle, Favelas, Morros, Perfieria, Rocinha, 90% pop in coastal are, Brasilia Lake District, UK Glaical area, honeypot sites Dovedale, Windermere, 12 million visitors, 89% visitors come by car, 20% propoerty is second homes, France, Europe Aging Pop, Stage 5 DTM, 3 years maternity pay, full time schooling from 3years old, early retirement if have child, BR 12 and falling Mexico to USA Galapagos Islands, S America 1000km off west coast S America, 90% of islands are national parks, Galapagos Conservation trust receives % of tourist payment, small tour boats 10-16 people, knock on effect E Europe to UK European Union, 600,000 moved in two years, earn 5 times more, many Polish, low skilled and poorly paid jobs (facotroy workers, cleaners), Norwich, UK Riverside, sustainable, urban sprawl, A47, park and ride, Kibera, Kenya 1 million people, 60% of Nairobi is slum, Push and Pull, HIV Aids, sewers, dysentery, Self Help, Low cost imporvements

5. Impossible Facts 60% country flooded Bangladesh $2billion Bangladesh Floods 95,000 flights cancelled Iceland 2m/year Mappleton Erosion £200million Gloucester floods $0.5 billion Mt Pinatubo 180,000 buildings destroyed Kobe 10m/year Mappleton erosion to S 5,500 died Kobe 1050 Bangladesh deaths 200,000 dead Haiti LSD N to S Mappleton 600km radius Mt Pinatubo 120mm in 24 hrs Gloucester rainfall 7.2 1995 Kobe 1000m³ material Yellowstone 2000 Gloucester evacuated 11,000km roads 9,000m ash cloud Iceland Plynlimon 313 airports closed Iceland 75% less than 10m above sea level Bangladesh 2 million homeless Haiti 250,000 evacuated Mt Pinatubo £2million defence

6. Impossible Facts 60% $2billion 95,000 2m/year £200million $0.5 billion 180,000 10m/year 5,500 1050 200,000 N to S 600km 120mm in 24 hrs 7.2 1995 1000m³ 2000 11,000km 9,000m Plynlimon 313 75% less than 10m 2 million 250,000 £2million

7. Impossible Terms Push 3 Ooo’s Boulder Clay Little Emperors Baby Boom Favelas Monsoon Liquefaction Wetbacks Plynlimon Snowmelt Coca Cola Effect Tsunami Drought Polygon Granny Police Honey Pot Butler Ageing Population Leakage Industrial Triangle Greenbelt Morro Urban Sprawl Golden Mile Centrifugal Force Perceived Lahar