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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. The Hip and Pelvis. Objectives. Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the importance of the hip and pelvis as a support structure for the human body Describe the skeletal structure of the hip and pelvis List the primary muscles of the hip and pelvis

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 The Hip and Pelvis

  2. Objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: • Explain the importance of the hip and pelvis as a support structure for the human body • Describe the skeletal structure of the hip and pelvis • List the primary muscles of the hip and pelvis • Describe common injuries associated with the hip and pelvis

  3. The Hip and Pelvis • The hip is one of the most stable joints in the body • Well protected and surrounded by muscle • Freely movable, ball-and-socket joint

  4. The Hip and Pelvis (cont’d.) • The pelvis: • Provides attachments for various muscles that attach onto and control the lower limbs • Houses parts of the digestive and urinary tracts • Houses reproductive systems

  5. The Hip and Pelvis (cont’d.) • Skeletal structure of the pelvis: • Ilium • Sacrum • Ischium • Pubis • Coccyx

  6. Common Injuries and Conditions of the Hip and Thigh • Bursitis • Commonly seen in athletes who do not sufficiently stretch and warm up the outside of the hip • Symptoms: tenderness • Treatment: limiting activity, stretching exercises, and ice massage, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines

  7. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Hip fracture • Break of the top part of the femur where it connects to the pelvis • Symptoms: severe hip pain • Treatment: highly individualized

  8. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Quadriceps and hip flexor strains • Common in sports requiring jumping, kicking, or repetitive sprinting • Treatment: icing, compression with an elastic wrap, and anti-inflammatory medications • Rehabilitation: progressive and sport specific

  9. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Hamstring strains • Mild or moderate damage in the muscle tissue • Completely tearing the muscles or separating them from connective tendons is a hamstring tear • Symptoms: sharp pain in the back of the thigh, bruising, swelling, loss of strength, and hearing a “pop” • Treatment: RICE, medication, and physical therapy and rehabilitation

  10. Animation – Hamstring Strain Click Here to Play Hamstring Strain Animation

  11. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Adductor (groin) strains • Common in sports requiring sudden sideways changes in direction • Treatment: rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications, adductor stretching and strengthening exercises

  12. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Iliotibial band syndrome • Inflammation of iliotibial band • Symptoms: irritation over the outside of the knee joint • Treatment: rule out mechanical problems or training errors, proper footwear, icing the area of pain, and stretching

  13. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Quadriceps contusions • Usually caused by a direct blow to the thigh • Treatment: compression, ice (applied during the first 24 to 48 hours), and crutches

  14. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Myositis ossificans • Usually the result of recurrent trauma to a quadricep muscle that was not properly protected after an initial injury • Symptoms: hard, painful mass in the soft tissue of the thigh and progressive loss of bending motion of the injured knee • Treatment: heat, limitation of joint motion, rehabilitative exercises within the limits of pain; surgery may be necessary

  15. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Iliac crest contusion • Painful injury caused by a direct blow to the hip • Symptoms: extreme tenderness, swelling, and ecchymosis over the iliac crest • Treatment: ice and compression

  16. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Overuse injuries • Cumulative effect of very low levels of stress • Include chronic muscle strains, stress fractures, tendonitis, snapping hip, and bursitis • Treatment: rest and exercise different body parts

  17. Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Stress fractures: • Pelvis stress fractures occur most often in runners and dancers • Femur stress fractures usually occur in runners • Symptoms: chronic, ill-defined pain over the groin and thigh • Treatment: rest and nonweight-bearing endurance exercises

  18. Conclusion • The hip is a stable joint that is well protected and surrounded by muscle on all sides • The pelvis is made up of several flattened bones that function as a support structure • Injuries to the hip and thigh are very common in athletics

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