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The Chinese Civil War 1946-1949

The Chinese Civil War 1946-1949. Why did war break out in 1946? Why did the CCP win the Civil War?. China in 1945. August 1945 – Japan surrender CCP took the surrender. CCP or GMD?. Regarded by the Western World as the legitimate government of China

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The Chinese Civil War 1946-1949

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  1. The Chinese Civil War 1946-1949 Why did war break out in 1946? Why did the CCP win the Civil War?

  2. China in 1945 • August 1945 – Japan surrender • CCP took the surrender

  3. CCP or GMD? • Regarded by the Western World as the legitimate government of China • The more powerful military group with 2.7 million men in their army (3x larger) • Had the public support of the USA and the USSR • In 1945 the party had a membership of 1.2 million • Strongest in the North

  4. Why did the Civil war break out in 1946? • Cold War context and the Soviet Union’s attitude to China led to negotiations between the parties in Chongqing • Oct 1945 – agreement to set up a democracy, united GMD/CCP military force, hold elections for a national assembly • BUT could not agree on who should lead army and local government areas

  5. CCP and GMD military status • GMD the more powerful with 2.7 million men, airforce, heavy artillery. • 50,000 US marines supporting GMD • CCP have 1.2 million men in the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) • Soviet Union seized 100,000 guns and artillery pieces from Japan in Manchuria – gave them to CCP (1945) • Enabled CCP to move into Manchuria

  6. 1945-46 • Nov 1945 US and GMD troops occupy Beijing and move into Manchuria • Soviet Union order CCP to give up Manchurian cities • Dec 1945 Truman sends George Marshall to China to preserve peace • Jan 1946 Ceasefire signed • Compromise deal agreed for democratic elections and a united front army. Soviet Union start to withdraw from Manchuria.

  7. War is declared • Chiang determined not to accept parliamentary democracy – feared losing power • War breaks out in Manchuria • GMD and USA march into Manchuria • CCP seize Harbin • July 1946 GMD all out assault on CCP in North in order to wipe them out • Dec 1946 Massive student protests against USA • Jan 1947 Marshall leaves China • China is at war

  8. Why did the CCP win the Civil War? • Use pages 81-87 of the Stewart book to help you fill in the table

  9. Homework • Assess the reasons for the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War 1945-1949 - I am looking for links! • Hand in on Thursday 7th January 2010! Advance Notice • Test on Key Issues 2 and 3 on Thursday 14th January P4

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