Heavy Flavours

1. Heavy Flavours Introduction talk at Heavy Flavour Physics Session XXXXth Rencontresde Moriond, March 12-19 2005  “QCD and Hadronic interactions at high energy” Ivan Belyaev, LAPP Annecy

2. Heavy Flavours: LQCD≤ M c b t t • “Heavy” • aS(MQ) is small • Success of pQCD, • Impact on HF production in hadronic environment • 1/MQ (LQCD/MQ) expansion • Success of Heavy Quark Mass Expansion • Impact on HF decays • “Flavour” • QCD is “flavour-blind” “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

3. Where Heavy Flavours come from? • hadronic environment • CDF, D0, HERA(ep,pA), TeV fixed target • LHC • e+e- experiments • BaBaR, Belle, CLEO(-C) , BES, … • Heavy Ion Physics is also interested in Heavy Flavours : • “Heavy Ion + Heavy Flavour”→11.5k documents “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

4. QCD↔Heavy Flavours • Extraction of fundamental EW-CKM parameters is impossible without deep understanding of QCD effects • New physics in rare decays VCKM u c t d s b “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

5. Heavy Flavours ↔ QCD • Heavy flavour production at high energy • Checks for (p)QCD • Predictions for LHC • Heavy flavour decays/asymmetries • Checks for HQE • extraction of fundamental parameters • Spectroscopy/bound states • Checks for QCD models and sometimes theory “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

6. Beauty production at high energy HERA: H1, ZEUS(ep) 30/920 GeV • Photoproduction Q2 ≤ 1 GeV2 • Hard scales : Mb, pT • Deep Inelastic Scattering Q2 >> 1 GeV2 • Hard scales:Mb, pT, Q2 Tevatron CDF, D0√s ~2TeV • hard scales: Mb, pT(>5 GeV/c) At least 1 hard scale (usully more): pQCD should work! “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

7. Beauty production at High Energy D0 Run IIPRL 84(2000) 5478 CDF Run IPRL 85(2002) 5068 Run II Moriond QCD’04 Too much beauty? 2004-OK ? “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

8. Heavy Flavour decays • Heavy Quark Mass Expansion and Operator Product Expansion G = G0 + (L/MQ)G1 + (L/MQ)2G2+(L/MQ)3G3+… • Gi are power series as(MQ) • G0 – “free quark” • G1 = 0 for ALL inclusive widths (b→cl-n, hadronic, b→sg, b→sl+l-) • G2 expressed through • “kinetic energy” m2p • “chromomagnetic moment” m2G ( MB* -MB ≈ ⅔m2G/Mb ) • G3 includes Darwin and Spin-Orbital • “non-spectator” effects at (1/MQ)3 : PI,WE,WA,… • Could be large ( e.g. for charm G(Wc)/G(D+)=~15 ) “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

9. Recent success Lepton energy and hadron mass moments analysis in B→Xcln • Availability of good experimental data • Progress in theory • B (B→Xcln) • s/B : 1.6%exp0.6%HQE • |Vcb| • s/|Vcb| = 1%exp1%HQE1.5%TH • mb,mc,mb-mc ,m2p,m2G,r3D,r3LS, BaBaRPRL 93(2004)011803 HQET result for exclusive B→D*ln rate at zero recoil s/|Vcb| = 2%exp 4%TH “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

10. Rare decays? • HQE works nicely for inclusive rates • Evaluation of formfactors for exclusive rates is difficult • Note: the progress in latticeQCD • Remarkable exception: HQET for B→D(*)ln • But: experimentally a bit difficult piece of phase space • Exclusive rates often more “clean” experimentally • more difficult for theory, • but usually fine for rare decays • a bit more difficult for experiments “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

11. B→Xsl+l- • Theory NNL0 calculation • Forward backward asymmetry zero is a precision test of the Standard Model • Need HUGE increase of experimental data sets • SuperB(u,d) and SuperB(u,d,s)factories LHCb 4.4k B→K*0l+l-/year BaBaRPRL 93(2004)081802 “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

12. Radiative Penguins • Inclusive B →Xsg • NNLO calculations in a good shape • Useful for |Vub| extraction • El and MX spectra in B→Xuln • the same shape function • exclusive B →K*g , B→r(w)g • |Vtd/Vts| from G(B→r(w)g)/G(B →K*g) • better for very large Dms • experimentally limited only by statistics • TH: B (B→r0(w)g)=6.5x10-7 • SuperB(u,d,s,..) factories BELLEPRL93(2004)061803 BELLEhep-ex/0408137 “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

13. New Peaks • A lot of new peaks (expected and non-expected) have been observed recently • (cc) • (cs) • (“5q”) • New excited charmed baryons • Other peaks • Some of them are already “particles” • Other need to be classified: • Particles, molecules, hybrids, “N”q , … , other beasts • Fragmentation effects • Artefacts “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

14. 2 narrow resonances Dsp0 Ds*p0 Isospin violation decays Later seen in Measure quantum numbers! New Particles: “cs” DsJ (2317)→Dsp0 BaBaRPRL 90(2003)24001 DsJ (2463)→Ds*p0 CLEOPRD68(2003) 032002 “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

15. “Expected”: hc (11P1) • Searched from 1982 • P-wave hyperfine splitting • CLEO-C:U→y • Change a flavour after many successful years CLEOhep-ex/0410090 EXCLUSIVE “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

16. “Unexpected”: X(3872),Y(3940) X(3872) and Y(3940) • discovered in exclusive decays B→(J/yp+p-)K and B→(J/yp+p-p0)K • Determination of quantum numbers“easy” (cc) ? D*0D0 Molecule? Hybrid? X(3872) BELLEPRL91(2003)262001 BELLEhep-ex/0408126 Y(3940) “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

17. “Unexpected”: X(3940) • X(3940) • Discovered in double charmonium production e+e-J/y +(cc) in J/y recoil mass • Seems to be different from Y(3940) BELLEhep-ex/0412041 Hot news! X(3940) hc(2S) cc0 hc “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

18. Threshold structures in B-decays BELLEhep-ex/0409010 • 3-body B-decays with baryons show clear intriguing structures at threshold (inconsistent with phase space) • New particles? • Fragmentation dynamics? BELLEhep-ex/0409010 BELLEPRL 89(2002)151802 BELLEhep-ex/0412041 “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

19. Heavy Flavours and QCD Close (dis)connections Good progress in theory: Theory replaces models in many corners B→Xcln, B→Xsg, B→Xsl+l-, … Theory is particular advanced for rare decays Super B(u,d) factories, LHC, … Heavy Flavours continue to produce a lot of questions A lot of new peaks Some of them already interpreted as particles A lot to do for models and theory Fantastic subject for “Rencontres de Moriond” … Instead of Summary “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

20. spare “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev

21. Beauty production at HERA(pA) • pA, fixed target • √s ~ 40 GeV • Look for b→J/y→l+l- • detached J/y vertices • Only part of statistics • 2k: “Heavy Flavours ” Ivan Belyaev