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Sulphur Fertilization in Summer Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea )

This study investigates the impact of sulphur fertilization on summer groundnut yield and efficiency. Results show significant yield increases with single super phosphate sulphur application. The study reveals optimal sulphur levels for enhanced productivity and economics in groundnut cultivation.

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Sulphur Fertilization in Summer Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea )

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  1. Sulphur Fertilization in Summer Groundnut (Arachishypogaea) NK Jain1*, HN Meena2, Debarati Bhaduri3 and RS Yadav4 ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh (Gujarat)- 361 001 1HRM Unit, ICAR, KAB-II, New Delhi 2,ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh 3ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 4ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur *Corresponding Author: nkjjp1971@gmail.com

  2. Introduction • Globally, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the 4th most important source of edible oil and 3rd most important source of protein. • In India, Area: 5.86 M ha, Production: 8.27 M tonnes, • Productivity:1411 kg/ha (2010-11), quite low compared to other countries. • In Gujarat: Area: 2.31 L ha, Production: 4.16 L tonnes, • Productivity:1804 kg/ha during summer season. • Imbalanced fertilization: Main reason for low productivity • Besides NPK, sulphur is one of the essential nutrient elements which plays an important roles: • Carbohydrate metabolism • Formation of chlorophyll, glycosides, oils and many other compounds that are involved in N-fixation and photosynthesis of plants. • Production of protein (cysteine, cystine and methionine: Amino acids).

  3. Main factors responsible for increased S deficiency: • Removal of large amount of sulphur • Intensive cropping • Continuous use of high analysis fertilizers • Further, S can be applied to the soil through any suitable S-carrier. • The choice of suitable S source influences the efficiency and depends Crop Local availability soil type Price • Groundnut is an energy-rich oilseed crop, so P and S nutrition assumes greater importance in comparison to other nutrients. • In absence of sulphur, carbohydrates are not fully utilised for the formation of oil. • The maturity of pods is also delayed in the absence of adequate S, ultimately poor pod yield of groundnut is obtained. • Against this backdrop, the present investigation was undertaken.

  4. Materials and Methods Year of study: Summer 2011-13 Treatments: 1. S sources: 03 Gypsum Cosavet Single super phosphate (SSP) 2. S levels (kg/ha) : 03 20 40 60 3. Absolute control Treatment combinations: 10 Replications : 3 Design : Factorial RBD Variety: TG 37A RDF : 25 kg N, 22.0 kg P and 24.9 kg K ha-1 (100% RDF)

  5. Treatment application: At the time of sowing as per treatments Crop spacing: 30 cm x 10 cm Sowing time: 8th Feb. 2011, 6th Feb. 2012 and 25th Jan., 2013 Days to maturity: 112, 120 and 113 DAS, resp.

  6. Results and discussion Pod and haulm yields (Mean data of 3 seasons) • Sources and levels of S had marked influence on pod and haulm yields of groundnut over the absolute control. • Application of S through SSP, being at par with cosavet significantly enhanced the pod yield by 9.9% and haulm yield by 13.3% over application of S through gypsum. • Successive increase in S levels up to 40 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher pod (2603 kg ha-1) and haulm yields (3410 kg ha-1) over 20 kg S ha-1

  7. Sulphur use efficiency • Single super phosphate also showed higher sulphur use efficiency (12.8 kg pods kg-1 S) than gypsum and cosavet. • Sulphur use efficiency decreased with successive increase in S levels and found maximum under the treatment 20 kg S ha-1(13.1 kg pods kg-1 S).

  8. Economics • Significantly higher net returns ( Rs 80112 ha-1) and BC ratio (3.14) were also accrued under supply of S through SSP over application of S either through gypsum or cosavet. • Successive increase in S levels up to 40 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher net returns ( Rs 77720 ha-1 ) and BC ratio (2.98) over 20 kg S ha-1 .

  9. Conclusion Application of 40 kg S ha-1 in the form of single super phosphate along with recommended dose of N,P and K was found to be more remunerative and productive in summer groundnut.

  10. THANKS

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