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Overview of 3G

Overview of 3G. Presented by Warakorn Srichavengsup, Ph.D. Outline. History of Mobile Radio. 1G. 2G. 3G. Evolution path. Outline. History of Mobile Radio. 1G. 2G. 3G. Evolution path. First Mobile Radio Telephone 1924. source: www.bell-labs.com/technology/wireless/earlyservice.html.

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Overview of 3G

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  1. Overview of 3G Presented by Warakorn Srichavengsup, Ph.D.

  2. Outline History of Mobile Radio 1G 2G 3G Evolution path

  3. Outline History of Mobile Radio 1G 2G 3G Evolution path

  4. First Mobile Radio Telephone1924 source: www.bell-labs.com/technology/wireless/earlyservice.html

  5. World Wireline and Mobile Wireless Subscribers, 1995–2004 Source: International Telecommunication Union website database: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/

  6. 2 7 5 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 7 7 7 5 5 5 3 1 Cellular Mobile Telephony • Cellular concept • Bell Labs (1957 & 1960) • Frequency reuse • Typically every 7 cells • Handoff as caller moves

  7. Outline History of Mobile Radio 1G 2G 3G Evolution path

  8. FDMA — Frequency Division Multiple Access 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz Frequency 1G — Separate Frequencies

  9. First Generation • Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) • officially introduced in the Americas in 1983 • 800 MHz frequency band • Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) • Sweden, Norway, Demark & Finland • Launched 1981; now largely retired • 450 MHz; later at 900 MHz (NMT900) • Total Access Communications System (TACS) • developed for use in the United Kingdom; similar to AMPS; deployed 1985 • 900 MHz frequency band

  10. First Generation

  11. First Generation • Technology: FDMA and Analog Technology. • Shortages: • Inference. • Poor security. • Advantages: convenience for communication

  12. Outline History of Mobile Radio 1G 2G 3G Evolution path

  13. Second Generation — 2G

  14. Second Generation — 2G • Digital systems • Leverage technology to increase capacity • Speech compression; digital signal processing

  15. Second Generation — 2G • IS-136 North American TDMA • also known as D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System) prevail in South and North • Speech coded as digital bit stream • Compression plus error protection bits • GSM: Global System of Mobile communications • Went into commercial service in 1992 • Based on TMDA technology • Dominant world standard today • 900 MHz band; later extended to 1800MHz • Added 1900 MHz (US PCS bands) and 850 MHz • Quadband GSM phone can roam the world today • CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access • Standardized in 1993 as IS-95 • Brand name for IS-95 is cdmaOne • PDC • TDMA-based technology • Only used in Japan

  16. Second Generation — 2G • Technology: TDMA, CDMA • Advantages: • Higher frequency available • Good security • Higher capacity • Good speech quality

  17. FDMA — Frequency Division Multiple Access 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz Frequency 1G — Separate Frequencies

  18. One timeslot = 0.577 ms One TDMA frame = 8 timeslots 200 KHz 200 KHz 200 KHz 200 KHz Time Frequency 2G — TDMATime Division Multiple Access

  19. Multi-Access Radio Techniques

  20. 2G & 3G — CDMACode Division Multiple Access • Spread spectrum modulation • Originally developed for the military • Resists many kinds of interference • Coded modulation hidden from those w/o the code • All users share same (large) block of spectrum • Almost all accepted 3G radio standards are based on CDMA • CDMA2000, W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA

  21. Outline History of Mobile Radio 1G 2G 3G Evolution path

  22. Third Generation — 3G • Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!! • Video streaming, TV broadcast • Video clips – news, music, sports • Enhanced gaming, chat • Video conferencing • Real-time financial information

  23. 3G Vision • Provide seamless global roaming, enabling users to move across borders while using the same number and handset • Increased data rates (Second-generation systems only provide speeds ranging from 9.6 kbps to 28.8 kbps) • 384 kbps while moving • 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations

  24. International Standardization • ITU (International Telecommunication Union) • Radio standards and spectrum • IMT-2000 • Stands for International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 • National and regional standards bodies are collaborating in 3G partnership projects • ARIB, TIA, TTA, TTC, CWTS. T1, ETSI • 3G Partnership Projects (3GPP & 3GPP2) • Focused on evolution of access and core networks

  25. 3G Standards • 3G Standard is defined by ITU and is called as IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000)

  26. IMT-2000 Radio Standards • IMT-MC* Multi Carrier CDMA: CDMA2000 • Evolution of IS-95 CDMA, i.e. cdmaOne • IMT-DS* Direct Spread CDMA: W-CDMA • New from 3GPP; UTRAN FDD • IMT-TC** Time Code CDMA • New from 3GPP; UTRAN TDD • New from China; TD-SCDMA • IMT-FT** FDMA/TDMA (DECT legacy) • IMT-SC* Single Carrier (UWC-136): EDGE • GSM evolution (TDMA); 200 KHz channels; sometimes called “2.75G” * Paired spectrum; ** Unpaired spectrum

  27. CDMA2000 • Evolution from original Qualcomm CDMA • Better migration story from 2G to 3G • cdmaOne operators don’t need additional spectrum • 1xEVD0 promises higher data rates than UMTS, i.e. W-CDMA

  28. W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) • Migration path for other GSM operators • Requires substantial new spectrum • 5 MHz each way (symmetric) • Sales of new spectrum completed in Europe • At prices that now seem exorbitant

  29. TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access ) • Time division duplex (TDD) • Chinese development • deployed in China • Single spectral band (1.6 MHz) possible

  30. TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access ) • The uplink transmission is received synchronously in the base station • Better channel separation • Truly orthogonal codes

  31. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) • GPRS (General Packet Radio Service ) offered speeds up to 114 Kbps • EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) reached up to 384 Kbps • WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) offered downlink speeds up to 1.92 Mbps. • HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) boosted the downlink to 14 Mbps. • HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) offered uplink speeds up to 5.76 Mbps. • LTE (Long Term Evolution) is aiming for 100 Mbps. HSPA GPRS and EDGE are sometime called "2.5G“ and "2.75G" because they did not offer multi-megabit data rates.

  32. 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) • 1xRTT (One Times Radio Transmission Technology) offered speeds up to 144 Kbps. • EV-DO (Evolution – Data Optimized) increased downlink speeds up to 2.4 Mbps. • EV-DO Rev. A boosted downlink peak speed to 3.1 Mbps and reduced latency. • EV-DO Rev. B increased downlink speeds up to 4.9 Mbps by using multiple channels. • UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) was slated to reach 288 Mbps on the downlink. UMB, may not catch on, as many CDMA operators are now planning to evolve to LTE instead.

  33. Subscribers: GSM vs CDMA Source: U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray

  34. Evolution of Mobile Systems to 3G - drivers are capacity, data speeds, lower cost of delivery for revenue growth TDMA EDGE EDGE Evolution GPRS GSM WCDMA HSDPA PDC CDMA2000 1x EV/DV cdmaOne CDMA2000 1x CDMA2000 1x EV/DO 2G First Step into 3G 3G phase 1 Evolved 3G

  35. CDMA2000-EVDO CDMA2000-EVDV CDMA2000 1x Services roadmap Improved performance, decreasing cost of delivery Broadband in wide area Video sharing Video telephony Real-time IP multimedia and games Multicasting Multitasking WEBbrowsing Corporate data access Streaming audio/video MMS picture / video xHTML browsing Application downloading E-mail Voice & SMS GSM 9.6 kbps GPRS 115 kbps EDGE 384 kbps WCDMA 2 Mbps HSDPA 14.4 Mbps

  36. Comparative Network Speeds CDMA 2400 1xEV/DO W-CDMA 2000 stationary W-CDMA 384 moving 384 EDGE CDMA 144 1xRTT Theoretical data 114 GPRS transmission speed 64 CDMA kbps 9 . 6 GSM/PDC Source: ITU.

  37. 2G GSM CDMA TDMA 2.5G / 2.75G GPRS CDMA 1x GSM/GPRS/EDGE Software/Hardware Software-based Hardware-based Hardware and software Cost Incremental Substantial Middle of the road 3G W-CDMA cdma2000 W-CDMA Software/Hardware Hardware-based Software-based Hardware-based Cost Substantial Incremental Middle of the road Upgrade Cost, By Technology • CDMA upgrade to 2.75G is expensive; to 3G is cheap • GSM upgrade to 2.5G is cheap; to 3G is expensive • TDMA upgrade to 2.5G/3G is complex • Takeaway: AT&T and Cingular have a difficult road to 3G

  38. Outline History of Mobile Radio 1G 2G 3G Evolution path

  39. Wireless/mobile specific broadband applications 3G applications getting “bigger, better and more beautiful” Cellular Technology & Evolution Network E v o l v e d 2G E v o l v e d 3G 4G 3G 2G Mobile Fixed network applications go wireless/mobile Fixed Broadband, “Extreme bit rates” NB WB BB 2 20 0.384 Bandwidth(Mbps)

  40. EDGE GPRS WCDMA CDMA2000 1x EV/DO CDMA2000 1x evolved 2G 3G 384 kbps - 2 Mbps 64–144 kbps Introduction & Technology TDMA GSM HSPA LTE PDC LTE-A cdmaOne 4G 2G evolved 3G >1 Gbps 384 kbps - 100 Mbps 9.6 - 14.4 kbps

  41. TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA MIMO Technology

  42. Technology

  43. Technology • 2G = GSM • 2.5G = GPRS • 2.75G = EDGE • 3G = WCDMA • 3.5G = HSDPA • 3.75G = HSUPA • 3.8G = HSPA+ (HSPA Enhancements) • 3.85G = 'HSPA+' + MIMO • 3.9G = LTE • 4G = WiMAX2 or LTE-A

  44. พัฒนาการเครือข่ายโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ในประเทศไทยพัฒนาการเครือข่ายโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ในประเทศไทย

  45. 1G

  46. ยุค 1G • กันยายน พ.ศ. 2529 กรมไปรษณีย์โทรเลขอนุมัติคลื่นความถี่วิทยุ 470MHz ให้กับองค์การโทรศัพท์แห่งประเทศไทย เพื่อให้บริการโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ระบบ NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) • เริ่มต้นมีผู้ให้บริการเพียงสองราย • องค์การโทรศัพท์แห่งประเทศไทย หรือ บริษัท ทีโอที จำกัด (มหาชน) ในปัจจุบัน (TOT Public Company Limited) • การสื่อสารแห่งประเทศไทย หรือ บริษัท กสท โทรคมนาคม จำกัด (มหาชน) ในปัจจุบัน (CAT TELECOM PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED)

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