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The Physiologist’s FriendChip A product of the Institute of Neuroinformatics “The only FriendChip you’ll ever need”. Stimulus. A Typical Visual Physiology Setup. Several communicating machines, custom software. Months of development and debugging…. Goal.
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The Physiologist’s FriendChipA product of the Institute of Neuroinformatics“The only FriendChip you’ll ever need”
Stimulus A Typical Visual Physiology Setup Several communicating machines, custom software. Months of development and debugging…
Goal • To make a practical chip that acts as a substitute animal for experiment design or demonstration. • It should provide spiking neurons from retina and early visual cortex. • It should be plug and play: • battery power • no computer • no knobs.
Volume control Chip + Lens Onboard speaker Output selector External speaker jack BNC connector
1 Average 2 5 7 Simple cells 4 3 8 On Off 6 Excitatory Inhibitory Chip schematic Photodiodes Photoreceptors Horizontal/Bipolar Ganglion Synapses Brighter than average Darker than average Bias generator
Layout Photodiodes Biases Photoreceptors Bipolar/Horizontal cells Ganglion & Simple cells Synapses 2.2mm
Vfb V Vp -UT/e-fold Iphoto log I Vfb Vp
Ib C1 Vout transient Vfb V Vout Vp C2 log I Long term history of brightness V=0 Vfb Vp In steady state (DC)
Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Horizontal cell Averages photoreceptor output Vavg
Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Vphoto Horizontal cell Averages photoreceptor output Using Deweerth’s follower aggegrator Vavg Transconductance amplifiers
Bipolar Cell Steals center part of diff pair current Rectifies into ON and OFF currents
Dendritic Trees of Simple Cells Are arranged to make orientation tuned simple cells with push-pull inputs Excitatory Inhibitory
Volume control PCB Chip + Lens Onboard speaker Output selector External speaker jack BNC connector
Spatial RFs of simple cellsMeasured by reverse spike correlation using random orientation stimuli Thanks to Matteo Carrandini
Temporal and spatial frequency tunings of a simple cell Thanks to Matteo Carrandini
Chip design notes • Chip simulation: 1s real time takes about 10h on P3 866MHz (TSPICE) • Simulations are very stiff numerically • Cost: Chip ~$220, system ~$360. (dominated by cost of small quantity chip prototypes)
Quick user guide 2 • Things to be careful about: • Watch out for static electricity (ground yourself before picking up the friendchip). Static can kill the chip! • Store the friendchip in an anti-static bag • The lens holder is only attached with double stick tape, it can be pulled off.
What we plan Complex cells Direction selective cells Production of ~100 systems for no-profit distribution to labs and teachers (We have orders for about 30)