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20% of E.R. visits are food borne illness Grains Produce Meats/Poultry. Fish/Shellfish Milk. Microbes Found in Food. Commonest method Moist heat under pressure Balances flavor/safety Thermophilic (flat sour) food spoilage. Mesophilic food spoilage. Food Preservation - Canning.
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20% of E.R. visits are food borne illness Grains Produce Meats/Poultry Fish/Shellfish Milk Microbes Found in Food
Commonest method Moist heat under pressure Balances flavor/safety Thermophilic (flat sour) food spoilage Mesophilic food spoilage Food Preservation - Canning
Refrigeration/ Freezing Drying Irradiation Chemical Preservatives Food preservation (cont.)
Pasteurization • Destroys vegetative pathogens • High Temperature Short Time (HTST) • Low Temperature Long Time • Ultra High Temperature (UHT)
Fungi Algae Bacteria Bread Food production
Cheese manufacture • Add rennin to milk (_______) • Add ___________ bacteria (anaerobic acid fermenters) • Immature cheese • Allow ripening (aging) to decrease water, increase flavor • Classified by consistency • Very hard – • Hard – • Semi-hard – • Soft –
Beer/Ales Starch from rice, wheat, barley Malting of ________, _____ addition Yeast __________ Alcohol is filtered, pasteurized (diluted) Wine Spirits Alcoholic Beverages
Industrial Fermentation • Valuable commodities • Commercial adaptations of metabolic processes
Industrial and Pharmaceutical Microbiology • Challenges • __________ to microbes • _________ from cells • _____________ • Reactor Types • ____________ • pH, temperature, nutrient levels are maintained