CHAPTER 10 Racial and Ethnic Relations

1. CHAPTER 10Racial and Ethnic Relations Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Section 2: Pattern of Intergroup Relations Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

2. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Objectives: • Summarize how sociologists define the terms race, ethnicity, and minority group. • Identify the characteristics that distinguish minority groups from one another.

3. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Group • Race – a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who others see as being a distinct group. • Ethnicity – the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another. • Minority Group – a group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and unequally treated.

4. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Characteristics ThatDistinguish Minority Groups • Identifiable physical or cultural characteristics • Victims of unequal treatment • Group membership is an ascribed status • Members share strong bonds and a sense of loyalty • Members tend to practice endogamy – marriage within the group

5. Section 2: Pattern of Intergroup Relations Objectives: • Distinguish between discrimination and prejudice. • Describe the most common patterns of minority-group treatment.

6. Section 2: Pattern of Intergroup Relations Discrimination vs. Prejudice • Prejudice – unsupported generalization about a category of people; involves attitudes and can be positive • Discrimination – denial of equal treatment based on group membership; involves behaviors

7. Section 2: Pattern of Intergroup Relations Common Patterns of Minority-Group Treatment • Cultural Pluralism – allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity • Assimilation – blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity • Legal Protection – legal efforts to ensure the rights of minority groups • Segregation – practices that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group

8. Section 2: Pattern of Intergroup Relations Common Patterns of Minority-Group Treatment (continued) • Subjugation – the maintaining of control over a group through force • Population Transfer – transferring a minority population to a new area • Extermination – intentional destruction of the entire targeted population known as genocide

9. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Objectives: • Describe the conditions under which minority groups in the United States live. • Explain how government policies have affected the lives of minority groups in the United States.

10. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Living Conditions of Minorities • African Americans – making gains toward equality, but statistics show members are lagging in education, employment, and income; becoming more politically active • Hispanics – rapidly growing population; lagging in income and education; diverse population

11. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Living Conditions of Minorities (continued) • Asian Americans – contrast between first-generation immigrants, who are often poor, and second-generation, many of whom succeed educationally and financially; viewed as a “model minority,” although this term is resented

12. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Living Conditions of Minorities (continued) • American Indians – often live on reservations; high poverty and poor education; encouraged to assimilate; taking steps to establish sources of income and better schools • White Ethnics – includes some who assimilate quickly and others who remain victims of prejudice and discrimination; making gains in religious tolerance; good education level

13. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Government Policies Towards Minorities • Government policies have both helped and hindered minorities. • For example: In the past, de jure segregation hurt African Americans. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade racial discrimination