1 / 21

Hitler / Stalin / Mussolini

Hitler / Stalin / Mussolini. Hitler’s Germany. Treaty of Versailles’s impact Weimar Republic French seizure of the Ruhr area Inflation 1 dollar = 4 trillion German marks German middle class = destroyed German people felt let down. Great Depression.

phuoc
Download Presentation

Hitler / Stalin / Mussolini

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Hitler / Stalin / Mussolini

  2. Hitler’s Germany • Treaty of Versailles’s impact • Weimar Republic • French seizure of the Ruhr area • Inflation • 1 dollar = 4 trillion German marks • German middle class = destroyed • German people felt let down

  3. Great Depression • US depression had international implications • Hawley Smoot Tariff • Doubt / fear / uncertainty • Opportunity for new leadership

  4. Fascism • One leader / one party • Condemned democracy • Glorified war • State supported capitalism • Aggressive nationalism • Media censorship • Nazism is Fascism (but not the other way around)

  5. Mussolini’s Italy • Italy felt betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles • Communist fear in Italy • King Victor Emmanuel III named Benito Mussolini prime minister in 1922 • All political parties were outlawed • “Mussolini is Always Right”

  6. Corporate Economy • Capitalists / workers must be forced to cooperate for the good of the state • 22 state corporations are organized • Outlawed strikes, set wages and prices • Combination of private ownership and state control

  7. The Lateran Accord • Rome / Vatican • Pope Pius XII • Italy recognized as legitimate state • Vatican city recognized as an independent state ruled by the pope

  8. Conclusion • Fascist governments rose in Europe in the 1920s and 30s out of a popular need for strong leadership and direction.

  9. Lenin and the NEP • NEP designed to correct the poor economy following the Russian Civil War • “temporary compromise” with capitalism • Small business privatized • Agricultural free markets • Oil, steel and other large industries still nationalized • NEP was a huge success • Russian economy returned to pre-WWI levels

  10. Stalin v. Trotsky • Lenin dies in 1924 • Trotsky second most popular Bolshevik • Believed communism should expand beyond Russia’s borders • Global revolution would secure Russia’s own communist revolution • Stalin believed in focusing on establishing communism in Russia first • Stalin expelled Trotsky from the party and by 1927 was the undisputed leader of Russia

  11. The Five – Year Plans • End the NEP • Government makes all economic decisions (Gosplan) • Focus on the development of heavy industries • Collectivize agriculture • By 1920 the Soviet Union trailed only Germany and the US in industrial productivity • Opposition came from the conservative farmers • “Kulaks” • Stalin ordered all Kulaks executed and or deported to forced labor camps

  12. The Great Terror • Stalin was worse than your most autocratic tsar • Eliminated old Bolsheviks • Expanded to include intellectuals, army officers, party members, ordinary citizens • At least 8 million arrested. • Most died in forced labor camps called “gulags”

  13. Comparisons Reign of Terror Great Terror Ordered by Joseph Stalin Purged Old Bolsheviks and others who threatened Stalin’s power Justified by claiming Trotsky and others were out to get Stalin Used executions and imprisonment to terrorize the nation Ended when all rivals to Stalin had been eliminated Created a new communist party that was totally loyal to Stalin • Ordered by Maximilien Robespierre • Intended to save the Revolution from internal and external enemies • Justified by the goal of creating a “republic of virtue” • Eliminated political rivals • Used public executions to terrorize the nation • Ended with Robespierre’s arrest and execution

  14. Dawes Plan • 1923 • Loans to Germany to reestablish a sound German currency and reduce reparation payments. • Successfully ended inflation in Germany at the time

  15. The Locarno Pact • France, Germany, England, Italy and Belgium • Guaranteed borders b/w France and Germany • Gave the appearance that Franco – German relations were positive and peaceful

  16. Kellogg – Briand Pact, 1928 • 62 countries • USA • “to renounce war as an instrument of national policy” • At the time it looked like the world was safe

  17. Tehran Conference • 1943 • Big 3 met in Iran to discuss the opening of a second front in western Europe • This meeting would eventually lead to the development of Operation Overlord “D-Day”

  18. Yalta Conference • 1945 • Soviets agreed to help the US with Japan after the defeat of Germany • Soviets would get northern Korea, parts of Manchuria and other territories lost during the Russo – Japanese War of 1905 • France is designated as an allied occupier • Germany would be carved up into 4 occupation zones • Liberated governments after the war would be allowed free elections “self – determination” • UN is discussed

  19. Potsdam Conference • Stalin, Truman, Atlee • Promote demilitarization, denazification, and democratization. • USSR goes back on its pledge to allow free elections in Eastern Europe • US goes back on its pledge to have the USSR involved in Japan’s defeat • Beginning of the Cold War as US / Soviet relations dissolve QUICKLY.

More Related