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Nutrient management

Nutrient management. of organic farms. Organic matter nutrients. 1. Humification organic matter + soil born animals cutting-up = homogenised plant residues, surface increased. complex chemicals of organic matter + micro-organisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi)

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Nutrient management

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  1. Nutrient management of organic farms

  2. Organic matter nutrients 1. Humification organic matter + soil born animals cutting-up = homogenised plant residues, surface increased

  3. complex chemicals of organic matter + micro-organisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) brake down to more simple components carbo-hydrates mono-sacharids proteins amino acids

  4. micro- and macro-organisms + decomposited components polymerisation = dark, big molecule sized matters + further polymerisation andcondensation humus matters

  5. humus matters + inorganic mineral soil components organo-mineral complex

  6. 2. Mineralisation humus matters+micro-organisms mineral nutrients= PLANT NUTRITION

  7. Organic matter • big molecules - colloid size – moisture fixing, nutrient fixing, buffer capacity • physical soil structure (moisture, air, temperature) • breaking-down – nutrient provider • provides C and E for microbiological actions in the soil • stimulates plant growth

  8. Possible advantages of organic fertilisers • Better mineral content in the soil • leguminous pre-crops • nitrogen • farmyard manure, liquid manure • Ca, Mg, trace elements • green manures • macro and trace elements

  9. Better water management • more humus in the soil • farmyard manure, fellow • better rooting in the lower layer • deep rooting plants, vermicule holes • reduces evaporation fromthe soil surface

  10. Better gas exchange between soil and atmosphere - CO2 from soil and O2 into • less dust content • better soil structure or mulching • higher macro-porosity percentage in the soil • higher CO2 concentration from the soil • higher assimilation

  11. Plant protection effect • nematicide effect • fungicide effect • bactericide effect

  12. leguminous plants green manuring deep rooting plants compost farmyard manure liquid manure straw manure vermicompost other agents micro-organisms products of plant origin nettle tea etc. rock grists biodynamic preparations  max. 170 kg N/year/ha Soil conditioning matters of organic farming(White list)

  13. Farmyard manure • GMO – strictly forbidden • limited content of heavymetals • from organic or extensive husbandry • documents of bought manure necessary • composted or treated manure

  14. Composting • Raw organic matterialconversion into big molecula sized humus matterials

  15. Composting process Mesophilic stage • heating up • starting reactions • organisms: micro-organisms • result: • heat • organic acids (acidic pH)

  16. Thermophilic stage (above 40 °C) • hőszakasz - lebomlási folyamatok • organisms: micro-organisms + fungi (up to 60°C) • high temperature

  17. Lebomlásiszakasz (above 40 °C) • sugars, starch, fats, proteins degradation • NH3 • alkaline pH • starting cellulose degradation

  18. Cooling down stage • cooling – building-up procedures • organisms: fungi + micro-organisms • degrading cellulose

  19. Cooling down stage • speed reducing • lower temperature • fungi again • further cellulose degradation + buliding-up complex matters

  20. Maturing stage • temperature depends on environment – building up humus, synthesis • organisms: fungi + micro-organisms + macro-fauna

  21. Maturing stage • actimonycetes: • building up humus matters and mineralisation • antibiotic matters,vitamins • macro-fauna • breaking down organic matter

  22. Raw materials of composting • raw materials of animal origin • farmyard manure • cow, horse, pig, poultry and sheep • raw materials of plant origin • residues of arable farming • straw, corn stalk • chopped wood and plant residues, grass, leaves

  23. Additives of composting • clay • rock minerals • CaCO3 (lime-stone) • additives of animal origin • fish, blood, bone etc. meals

  24. Using the compost • unlimited amount from own farm • documents of origin if bought – preliminary permission • heavy metal content! • bought compost (commercial) • permission for trade

  25. Vermicompost • Eisenia foetida

  26. Fungi compost • origin of raw materials (treated or not) • compost tea for plant protection • against apple gall • 2 mass of water • 1 mass of compost tea • 7 days fermentation

  27. Green manuring • N and humus mater accumulation • reduced mineral losses • utilised rain fall • reduced erosion (fixed soil) • shading the soil (weed management!) • biological soil tillage • soil structure • loosening the soil and subsoil • plant protection • reduced nematodes • protection against the intensive soil tillage harms • less organic matter losses

  28. Straw manuring • GENCEREAL FARMING • limited animal flocks • ploughing the residues • BUT nitrogen for decomposting! • nitrogen sources: • bacterial sources, liquid manure, etc.

  29. Manure teas – plant preparatives (nettle tea, etc.) • Nettle tea • 10 l pot (not metal!) filled with cut nettle, pour water, add 1 or 2 handful rock meal or setwall (Valeriana) flower • variations • additional to the previous mixture as onion, garlic, horse-tail, chamomile, pepper-mint, dandelion • put under direct sunlight for 2 to 3 weeks • became dark tea without foam • close the pot and store if necessary or use • dilute 1:10 with water and spray

  30. Soil conditioning agentsMinerals of mining origin (humus acid minerals) • peat – in horticulture as planting agent • limestone meat, dolomite • diatomite • rhyolite, zeolite • pearl stone

  31. Soil conditioning agentsMinerals of mining origin (humus acid minerals) • basalt • granite • clay minerals (pl. bentonite) • sulphur • rock phosphates • trace elemnts (preliminary permission!) • rock meals

  32. Soil conditioning agentsMicro-organisms • BACTOFIL • PHYLAZONIT • MIKRO-SOIL • MIKRO-VITAL • PHOMOBIL

  33. Soil conditioning agentsDeficiency diseases • Mg2SO4 - Mg deficiency - chlorosis • Fe2SO4 - Fe deficiency - chlorosis • trace element special agents • preliminary permission!

  34. Biodynamic preparatives

  35. Biodynamic preparatives • Valeriana: phosphorusintake (No. 507) • nettle, chamomile: soil health, plant growthcontrol (No. 504 and 503) • milfoil, oak: trace elements intake, plant protection (No. 502 and 505) • dandelion: silica and K (No.506) • humus: root activity, N, Ca, germination (No. 500) • quartz: photosynthesis, quality, storage (No. 501)

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