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The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire. Capital: Greek city of Byzantium Rebuilt by Emperor Constantine Renamed Constantinople. CONSTANTINOPLE. Center of Byzantine Empire Trade center  strategically located. Roman Heritage: Public entertainment Chariot races: The Hippodrome. The Age of Justinian.

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The Byzantine Empire

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  1. The Byzantine Empire • Capital: Greek city of Byzantium • Rebuilt by Emperor Constantine • Renamed Constantinople

  2. CONSTANTINOPLE • Center of Byzantine Empire • Trade center  strategically located

  3. Roman Heritage: • Public entertainment • Chariot races: The Hippodrome

  4. The Age of Justinian • 527 – 565 – reign of Justinian • Autocracy – total rule by one leader (autocrat) • Golden Age of the Byzantine Empire • Justinian determined to revive grandeur of ancient Rome – set out to conquer lost territories

  5. The Age of Justinian • Beautified Constantinople • Built Hagia Sophia (“ Holy Wisdom”)

  6. HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

  7. HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

  8. HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

  9. The Justinian Code • Corpus Juris Civilis = civil law • Collection of Roman laws • Preserved and transmitted heritage of Roman law

  10. THEODORA • Strong wife of Justinian • Saved the empire during Nika revolt: • Justinian was going to flee, but Theodora refused • Justinian stayed and crushed rioters • 30,000 dead in Hippodrome

  11. After Justinian: empire declined • Foreign attacks by Arabs, Slavs, Vikings, Mongols, Turks • Most territories lost, except for Asia Minor (Greece and Turkey) • Byzantine Empire held on to trade  money economy flourished

  12. Byzantine Christianity • Religion is very important. • Byzantine Christianity (Eastern Orthodox) is different from Roman Catholic Christianity (Western Europe)

  13. Western Europe Byzantine Empire Pope Emperor Vow of chastity Allowed to marry Latin Greek Christmas Easter Allowed Not allowed (iconoclasts)

  14. SCHISM • 1054 • Schism took place: • permanent split between Eastern Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic Church

  15. DECLINE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE: • Result of struggles over succession and constant warfare • 1453 – Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks; renamed Istanbul Hagia Sophia – turned into Muslim Mosque

  16. BYZANTINE HERITAGE & LEGACY: Byzantine culture – blend of: • Hellenistic culture (Greek science, philosophy, arts, literature), Roman law and engineering • Christian beliefs & traditions  • Influenced Western Europe and the Middle East

  17. BYZANTINE ART: • Religious Mosaics

  18. KNOWLEDGE AND LEARNING: Byzantines preserved classic works of ancient Greece and Rome • Byzantine historians • First female historian Anna Comnena • Procopius

  19. CYRILLIC ALPHABET • Created by monks of the Byzantine Empire • Spread with Eastern Orthodox religion throughout Greece, Russia, Eastern Europe

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