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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ITALIAN FIRE PREVENTION TECHNICAL RULE FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ITALIAN FIRE PREVENTION TECHNICAL RULE FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES N. Mattei , M. Carcassi., N. Ciannelli, F. Pilo. Università di Pisa. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Nucleare e della Produzione (DIMNP), University of Pisa. SUMMARY.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ITALIAN FIRE PREVENTION TECHNICAL RULE FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES

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  1. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ITALIAN FIRE PREVENTION TECHNICAL RULE FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES N. Mattei,M. Carcassi., N. Ciannelli, F. Pilo Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Nucleare e della Produzione (DIMNP), University of Pisa ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  2. SUMMARY • Italian regulation about hydrogen and methane • Italian development of regulation • Italian Working Group on Hydrogen • Experimental facility and tests • Data acquired and data elaboration • Procedure followed to define safety distance • Conclusions ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  3. REGULATION IN FORCE IN ITALY • Right now no law or technical rule is available to install a pipeline for hydrogen • Rules referring to natural gas and and gas with r≤ 0.8 [kg/m3] must be followed: • “D.M 16 aprile 2008” (distribution) • “D.M. 17 aprile 2008” (transport) • Moreover European laws already cover many aspects involved in design, building and safety issues, e.g. DIRECTIVE 97/23/EC (PED). ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  4. Italian Methodology Ministry of Interior REGULATION Experimenthal activity CCTS FIRE PREVENTION TECHNICAL RULE FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES Hydrogen Italian Working Group on Fire Prevention • “D.M 16 aprile 2008” (distribution) Methane “D.M.17 aprile 2008” (transport) ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  5. METHANE SAFETY DISTANCES ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  6. EXPERIMETAL TESTS • The Group has decided to support its work with an experimental activity, by means of a pilot plant named H.P.B.T. (Hydrogen Pipe Break Test) at University of Pisa. • The plant has been used to: • simulate hydrogen release • its ignition anddevelopment of combustion. • Data have been acquired about: • the diffusivity of the gas • the dimension of release jet • the dimension of jet-fire as function of internal pressure and release hole diameter. to validate the calculation models ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  7. HPBT LAYOUT ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  8. PARAMETERS OF EXPERIMENTAL TESTS • According to the draft, pipelines are categorized as function of internal pressure and diameter. • The incidental scenario is defined by: • Internal pressure (test pressure: up to 10 bar) • release hole diameter/area (2.5 / 5; 5 / 20 and 11 / 95 mm / mm2) • Hole diameter and internal pressure have been chosen in order to have a “steady” jet so that it was possible to measure it ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  9. DISPLACEMENT OF 9 SAMPLE POINTS HPBT-JR-8 HPBT-JR-8 HPBT-JR-19 ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  10. SUMMARY OF DATA AVAILABLE FOR EACH TEST angle between wind direction and jet axis wind velocity spatial coordinates of sample points H2 concentration vs. time ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  11. EXAMPLE OF DATA ACQUIRED (Ø 2,5mm and P = 10bar) Start of release Temperature [°C] inside tanks Oxygen Concentration [%vol] Temperature [°C] next to release hole Pressure [barg] inside tanks ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  12. DATA ACQUIRED wind veolcity ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  13. 0,7 m 4 m JET-FIRE DIMENSION Ø 11 mm - P 10 bar Lateral view Front view ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  14. JET FIRE DATA ACQUIRED Internal Pressure [bar] Ø = 2.5 mm Ø = 11 mm Flame length [m] ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  15. CODE SIMULATION - EFFECTS 7.6 ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  16. CODE SIMULATION - FLACS v9.0 (CFD) ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  17. COMPARISON BETWEEN EXPERIMETAL DATA AND COMPUTER SIMULATION CENTRAL AXYS [m] ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  18. [m] kW/m2 5.4 [m] RADIATIVE ENERGY PRODUCED BY A JET-FIRE vs. DISTANCE FROM RELEASE HOLE 12.5 ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  19. HEAT RADIATION (EFFECT) Hydrogen and methane radiative power due to equal hole and pressure hydrogen [kW/m2] methane 5,4 6,8 [m] ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  20. COMPARISON BETWEEN H2 AND CH4 FLOW critic flow mass flow energy flow same T and P same T and P same area ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  21. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED TO DEFINE SAFETY DISTANCE • Pipes are categorized as a function of pressure and pipe diameter. • A release hole diameter is associated to pipe diameter (Ø hole = 2.5% of pipe diameter). • The resulting jet fire allows to evaluate the distance beyond which radiative power is lower than a defined value (3 kW/m2 according to Italian laws). (1) • (1) D.M. 29 Maggio 2001: following the law, a person can be exposed to such a radiation undergoing to no more that reversible injuries ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  22. PROPOSED SAFETY DISTANCES ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

  23. THANK YOU. Contact Author: Nicola Mattei (UNIPI-ITALY) n.mattei@ing.unipi.it Presented by: Marco Carcassi (UNIPI-ITALY) carcassi@ing.unipi.it ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14

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