Download
1 / 61
720 likes | 1.24k Views
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. the need to maintain peace and order , the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger. . POWERS. Inherent in governing To control actions through diverse means : Brute forces Negotiation
E N D
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION • the need to maintain peace and order, the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger.
POWERS • Inherent in governing • To control actions through diverse means: • Brute forces • Negotiation • Promise or reward • Exchange of goods and services • Appeal o the common good
IF POWER IS LEGITIMATE, THEN IT IS AUTHORITY • AUTHORITY COMES FROM THE FOLLOWING: • TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY • leader which he inherited from his predecessor. • CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY • depends on his ability to inspire people to express his will. • RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY • the leader rules under limited length of time, usually under explicit limitations set by the constitution
DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION • BAND • TRIBE • STATE
BAND • existed in the hunting and gathering societies. • There is neither permanent member nor leader. Members come and go. • only organize themselves for the purpose of doing together the economic activities. • 30-50 members
TRIBE • also called “acephalus” meaning “no head.” • “No head” means there is no central authority which governs the tribe. • headed by the headman, big man or chieftain.
STATE • number of people occupying a particular territory having an organized government and independent of external control.
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE • Divine Right Theory • Social Contract Theory • Patriarchal Theory • Necessity and Force Theory • Economic and Instinctive Theory • Historical or Evolution Theory
DIVINE RIGHT THEORY • state is created by God who has chosen His vice-regents to rule the earth
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY • State is a product of man’s contract or covenant.
PATRIARCHAL THEORY • state is a mere extension of family, family develops into clan, clan into tribe and tribe into state.
NECESSITY AND FORCE THEORY • state is founded because there are weak ones who seek protection so the strong ones protect and rule them in return.
ECONOMIC & INSTINCTIVE THEORY • State is founded out of man’s need for association
HISTORICAL OR EVOLUTION THEORY • State is a product of man’s social and cultural development
TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS • Democracy • Totalitarianism • Colonialism
DEMOCRACY • individuals are free, rational, moral, equal, and posses certain rights. • derived from the words “demos” and “cratos” meaning “people” and “rule” respectively. • democracy means “rule of the people”
TOTALITARIANISM • All functions are regulated by the State. • Education, economic life, religion, and family are all controlled by the State.
COLONIALISM • relationship of two states, one strong, the other weak
CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT • ACCORDING TO WHOM SOVEREIGNTY RESIDES • Monarchy: • Aristocracy or Oligarchy: • Democracy: • ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF INSTITUTINGOFFICIALS • Elective: • Hereditary: • ACCORDING TO THE DISTRIBUTION OR CONCENTRATION OF POWERS • Unitary: • Federal: • ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT • Presidential • Parliamentary
ARISTOCRACY OR OLIGARCHY • A government which is ruled by few privileged class, whose right arises from the facts of birth, wisdom or wealth.
ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM • Property • Economic Exchange • Division of Labor • Economic Socialization • Prices • Principle of Supply and Demand
ECONOMIC EXCHANGE • individual and organization gives each other valuable goods and services in return for different goods and services.
