Preliminary model payloads for the Ganymede Lander and the Relay orbiter

1. Laplace-Ganymede lander mission Preliminary model payloads for the Ganymede Lander and the Relay orbiter 7 March, 2013 Oleg Korablev, korab@iki.rssi.ru

2. Ganymede Lander Mission: play safe ! • Detailed reconnaissance from JUICE for choosing the Ganymede Lander landing site • Landing using (ESA) Visual Navigation System IF AVAILABLE • OR a Lander robust against severe surface roughness IF POSSIBLE • Telecommunication via JUICE, IF LOGISTICS PERMIT  Dedicated Ganymede orbiter for TELECOMMUNICATION, additional meter-scale mapping of the selected landing site and (some limited) SCIENCE + + Ganymede Lander JUICE Relay Orbiter

3. Objectives • Form (an ambition of) direct search for life on Europa to determining the habitability of Ganymede: Traces of life might have reached the surface IN THE PAST • Establishing geophysical and chemical context for habitability • Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and enhance the detection limits • Orbiter: • Landing site selection (in addition to high-resolution mapping from JUICE) • To complement JUICE (2-points observations, radioscience, etc.) • Other Jupiter system investigations, in particular those not included in JUICE • Cruise investigations

4. Science Themes • Ocean • Crust depth • Salinity • Composition • … • Habitability • Ice composition • Search for paleolife • … • Environment • Internal structure • Crust/ocean depth • Core size • … • Surface • Regolith/ice composition • Conditions • … • Exosphere • Magnetosphere OR OR…

5. Europa Lander Model Payload 20315g Largely applicable to Ganymede? No account for aux systems

6. Ganymede Surface Science • A set of instruments on the Lander • Assume max mass of instruments and aux systems of 50 kg (cf talk Maxim Martynov) to include: • instruments; • sampling device(s); • Deployment • Data handling • Radiation protection for instruments out of common compartment • Penetrator(s) • T surf = 103K average • Acceleration = 0.13 g • Orb. period = 3.55 d • Regolith thickness largely unknown, several meters reworked and refrozen • Sublimated uppermost layer of few mms, below 1 cm

7. Penetrators • To be released from the orbit • Mass 5-15 kg • Payload <2 kg

8. Lander instruments/systems • Set of context instruments • Panoramic camera (stereo, filters or color) mast • Various sensors (temperature, conductivity, radiation, etc) • Geophysical package • Magnetometer boom • Radioscience • Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltmeter • Geochemistry • Contact (GCMS, Raman, XRD/XRS, …) robotic arm, sample preparation, close-up camera • Remote (IR spectroscopy, LIBS) mast • Environment • MS for atmosphere • Plasma/wave, ENA, Ion spectrometer

9. Lander instruments/systems • Robotic arm with sampling device 3-5 kg • Heritage: Phobos-Grunt, Luna-Resource • Chomic-type perforator 1.4kg, heritage Rosetta • Scoop/sampling cylinder • Dedicated context and close-up cameras (mass ~ 500g) • 1-2 instruments (mass ~500 g) • Drilling proposal: 10kg/400 mm depth • Heritage Luna 16 • Common sample preparation system for GCMS, XRD, etc ??? • Heritage ExoMars/Pasteur • Mast for Camera/LIBS/IR spectrometer • Periscope or some instruments outside? • Stereo camera (type Luna Lander, or other) • High-resolution camera (Type ExoMars)? • LIBS • IR spectrometer (type LIS, or ISEM) • Magnetometer boom ~1.5 m • Data handling system

10. Geophysical package • Magnetometer (talk Auster) • mass within 1 kg • Deployment : boom! • Radioscience • USO or phase conservation retransmitter 0.85 kg (talk Rosenblatt) • Ka-band communications (talk Gregnanin) • Seismometer • No need for a state-of-the-art Mars-type device • Two-axis • Mass: <2 kg (?) • Deployment required or placement on the foot suffice? • Gravimeter/tiltmeter 1.4 kg (talk Karatekin) • GPR (active or passive) (talks Hamelin/Przyklenk)

11. Surface composition/extinct life • GCMS (talk Gerasimov) • Large MASS and POWER (5 kg/50 W) • Sample preparation • LIBS (talks Pavlov, Kameda) mass likely 2-3kg • Remote • Only the upper few millimeters sounded regolith, altered, depleted in volatiles • Raman • Incompatible with a “remote” LIBS ? • High diagnostic potential • Possible complement of GCMS • Laser ablation MS: element analysys • XRD/XRF: structure/element analysis

12. Environment • Magnetometer • MS for atmosphere • MS from GCMS should be able to sound the atmosphere • Or a separate INMS? • Plasma/wave set • Is a combination with GPR possible? • ENA • Ion spectrometer

13. An attempt to compile a model payload ~25 000 g

14. Orbiter Payload • Reconnaissance • Full mapping from JUICE • Landing sites/target areas • WAC+HRC • Meter resolution required • Magnetometer • Boom of several meters! • Radioscience • Plasma/particle package (+cruise) • Dust detector/monitor (+cruise) • Some other investigations complementing/not included in JUICE payload

15. Concluding remarks • A modest wish-list is already likely incompatible with the resources • (Much) more iterations and discussions are necessary • Proposed lander design is incompatible with the Mast, and likely many of environment investigations: could a smaller Ka-band high-gain antenna solve the problem? Proposal for the Discussion: To form few dedicated groups on science payloads • “Geophysics” • “Composition/Past or Present Habitability” • “Environment” • Landing site And to compile papers accordingly for the ASR