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Forestry 280 Features of Woods 28-47

Forestry 280 Features of Woods 28-47. Wide, oak-type ray. #28: Red Oak Quercus rubra. Latewood Pores. Earlywood Pores. Ray. EW Pores. LW Pores. Tyloses. Banded Parenchyma. #29: White Oak Quercus alba. #30: Live Oak Quercus virginiana.

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Forestry 280 Features of Woods 28-47

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  1. Forestry 280Features of Woods 28-47

  2. Wide, oak-type ray #28: Red Oak Quercus rubra Latewood Pores Earlywood Pores

  3. Ray EW Pores LW Pores Tyloses Banded Parenchyma #29: White Oak Quercus alba

  4. #30: Live Oak Quercus virginiana • Semi-ring to diffuse porous; growth ring boundaries may be difficult to detect • Broad, oak-type ray • Aggregate ray • Narrow rays also present

  5. “Flame-shaped groups of LW pores” #31: American Chestnut Castanea dentata • Structure similar to oaks, but no wide, oak-type rays • Typically lower in density than oak • Tyloses often found

  6. Single row of EW pores LW pores in “wavy bands” (“ulmiform”) #32: American Elm Ulmus americana

  7. EW Pores often in “several” rows (2-6) #33: Slippery Elm (or Red Elm)Ulmus rubra WOW! Look at those ULMIFORM LW PORES!

  8. Earlywood Pores: Small and indistinct in intermittent, single row “A single interrupted row separated by smaller pores” #34: Rock Elm Ulmus thomasii

  9. Heartwood Color: Cream, light brown or light grayish brown w/yellowish cast Earlywood: More than one pore wide (akin to Slippery Elm) Latewood: Pores in wavy bands!! (Hackberry is in the Ulmaceae, or elm family) #35: Hackberry Celtis occidentalis

  10. LW Pores are in “nestlike groups”…sometimes forming concentric, interrupted bands – but not nearly so pronounced as in the elms. Loaded with tyloses! But, some samples have few to no tyloses… #36: Red Mulberry Morus rubra

  11. LOADED WITH TYLOSES: “USUALLY COMPLETELY OCCLUDED” LW pores in nested groups that form distinct concentric bands #37: Osage Orange Maclura pomifera

  12. Nested LW pores more isolated, sometimes coalescing EW Pores in 1-few rows; open (no tyloses) #38: Kentucky Coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus

  13. #39: Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos • Looks a lot like Coffeetree – Don’t separate!! • Note the heartwood color of #38 & 39

  14. Pores often completely occluded with tyloses Note LW pore pattern! #40: Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia

  15. Avg. SG: 0.60 Heartwood Color: Light brown or grayish brown Sapwood Color: Creamy white Pore Distribution: Ring-porous Earlywood: 2-4 pores wide; pores mod. large, surrounded by lighter tissue Latewood: Pores solitary and in radial multiples of 2-3 Tyloses: Fairly abundant Rays: Not distinct to eye, but clearly visible w/hand lens #41: White Ash Fraxinus americana

  16. Avg. SG: 0.49 Heartwood Color: Grayish brown to medium or dark brown Sapwood Color: Creamy white Pore Distribution: Ring-porous Earlywood: 2-4 pores wide; pores large, surrounded by lighter tiss. Latewood: Pores solitary and in radial multiples of 2-3; not numerous Tyloses: Fairly abundant Rays: Not distinct to eye, but clearly visible w/hand lens #42: Black Ash Fraxinus nigra

  17. #43: Catalpa • Note heartwood color • Note lw pore patterns • Tyloses “variably abundant”

  18. Avg. SG: 0.38 Heartwood Color: Medium or cinnamon brown, often w/uneven streaks of color, fluted growth rings Pore Distribution: Semi-ring-porous Pores: Earlywood pores fairly large, decreasing to small in latewood, solitary or in radial multiples of 2 to several Tyloses: Moderately abundant Parenchyma: Short tangential lines of banded parenchyma visible w/hand lens Rays: Fine but visible #44: Butternut Juglans cinerea

  19. Avg. SG: 0.55 Heartwood Color: Medium brown to deep chocolate brown Pore Distribution: Semi-ring-porous Pores: Earlywood pores fairly large, decreasing to quite small in outer latewood, pores solitary or in radial multiples of 2 to several Tyloses: Moderately abundant Parenchyma: Short tangential lines of banded parenchyma visible with lens Rays: Fine, visible but not conspicuous w/lens #45: Black Walnut Juglans nigra

  20. Note the “fishnet” (or “lace-like”) pattern in lw, formed by intersection of the fine rays and banded parenchyma True hickories are ring-porous #46: HickoryA True Hickory: Shagbark HickoryCarya ovata

  21. Pecan hickories are semi-ring porous…this looks like a poor example! (See next slide) What are these diagonal, whitish lines??? #46: Hickory - Pecan HickoryCarya illinoensis

  22. #46 - Hickory, Carya, spp. Pecan Hickory True Hickory

  23. #47: Tanoak Lithocarpus densiflorus • Wood is DIFFUSE porous • The wide rays are “aggregate rays” that tend to be irregularly-spaced on the cross-section

  24. Acknowledgement • Photomacrographs by Zach Kriess • Supplemental photomacrographs (those with white text showing scientific name) courtesy of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory

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