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Amphibians

Amphibians. Classification. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum Vertebrates Class: Amphibians Examples- frogs, toads, salamanders newts. The Link. Amphibians are the link between aquatic fish & terrestrial animals. Amphibians -> Reptiles

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Amphibians

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  1. Amphibians

  2. Classification • Kingdom: • Animalia • Phylum: • Chordata • Subphylum • Vertebrates • Class: • Amphibians • Examples- • frogs, toads, salamanders newts

  3. The Link • Amphibians are the link between aquatic fish & terrestrial animals. • Amphibians -> Reptiles • Have adaptations to move habitat from water to land • “Amphibian” means “double life”

  4. Aquatic Ties • Larvae • Gills • Tails • Algae eaters • Herbivores • Moist skin • Will suffocate if can’t get rid of CO2 and receive O2 • Adult • Must lay eggs in H2O • Lack outer shell

  5. Costa Rica-Tree Frog Eggs

  6. Terrestrial Ties • Adults • Lungs + Moist skin • Legs • Carnivores • Insects/other amphibians • More efficient heart

  7. Evolution of an Amphibian • 360 million years ago • Evolved from lobed-fin fish • Bones in pectoral (forearms) and pelvic fins (hind legs) • Homologous structures • Leg bones-stronger • To support the body’s weight

  8. Evolution of an Amphibian • 1. Formation of rib cage protects internal organs

  9. Evolution of an Amphibian • 2. Lateral line (vibrations in H2O) evolved into Tympanic membrane (vibrations in air)

  10. Evolution of an Amphibian • 3. Eyelids & nictitating membrane • Act like goggles for protection • keep moisture in

  11. Evolution of an Amphibian • 4. Nares-detect air borne scents • 5. 1st amphibians on earth were large • Due to no competition for food As the # of vertebrates on land went up/there was more competition for food , the smaller ones were the ones to survive

  12. Traits of Amphibians • Metamorphosis- Meta = many Morphosis = change form • Aquatic larvae goes through many changes to become a terrestrial adult

  13. Traits of Amphibians 2. Cold-blooded-ectotherms • Use environment to regulate temperature

  14. Traits of Amphibians 3. External fertilization- • Need H2O • Jelly-coated Eggs • No shells

  15. Traits of Amphibians 4. Feet, if present, lack claws • Often webbed

  16. Traits of Amphibians 5. Moist porous skin • Cutaneous Respiration • In O2 & H2O thru skin • Out CO2 & H2O thru skin

  17. Traits of Amphibians 6. Also respire or also breath thru a pair of internal lungs.

  18. Number of species • 4500 different species of amphibians

  19. Order Anura • Means: tailless • 3800 species of frogs & toads • Lay jelly-coated eggs in H2O • Tadpoles- compact bodies • Tongue sticky, long

  20. Let us watch…..

  21. Anura • Frog • Smooth skin • Jump= powerful hind legs • Live near H2O • Toad • Rough bumpy skin • Poisonous glands • Only walk • Live on land (moist)

  22. Poisonous Cane Toad Introduced as “pest management” for beetles and other insects but know are breeding out of control and due to poisonous skin are killing farm animals and pets that eat them.

  23. Urodela • 400 different species= salamanders& newts • Long tails • Elongated bodies • Moist skin • 4 limbs • Lives in moist area • Lay eggs in H2O • Worldwide- except Australia

  24. Apoda or Gymnophiona • “legless” amphibians • 160 species • Ex/Caecilians • 12” long • Resembles a snake • Lives in the tropics in dirt/soil • Eat Insects • Rarely seen~ borrows in soil

  25. Caecilian:

  26. Life of a Frog (Metamorphosis) • Larvae (fish-like) • Gills • Fin-like tail • 2 chamber heart like a fish • Closed system • 1 loop • Primarily herbivores

  27. Life of a Frog (Metamorphosis) • Adult • Lungs • Legs • Closed system • 3 chamber heart • 2 loop system • Primarily carnivores

  28. External covering/moist skin-two jobs 1. Respiration (cutaneous) • thin, moist skin-if skin dries suffocation b/c increase CO2 • Most active @ night-cooler, more moisture • Mucus glands- more moisture

  29. 2. Protection • Some poisonous • Most secrete a foul tasting substance • Skin-camouflaging • Blends in with environment

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