Next Generation Web: What’s Next?

1. Next Generation Web: What’s Next? Young B. Choi Department of MIS & CIS Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania ychoi@bloomu.edu

2. Map of the Internet 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

3. 02.20.08SDSC (San Diego Super Computer Center) Image of the Internet Universe on Display at New York's Museum of Modern Art 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

4. The Internet Cartoons 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

5. Abstract • We explore recent developments on the Web and forecast future development trends of Next Generation Web based on the current technologies and emerging Web technologies developed by international standard organizations and changing requirements of Web users and industry market. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

6. The Internet World Traffic Map 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

7. 1. Introduction • As the Internet has became an essential tool in our daily lives, the World Wide Web is being used as the most important utility we can use to access various resources distributed over the Internet. Recent wireless and mobile trends of the Internet are also accelerating development of its customized Web services according to diverse users’ requirements. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

8. 1. Introduction • The users need more powerful and customized Web services with fortified privacy and security control capabilities. • They are requesting more individualized Web services and many users are influenced by the past experience of users of the services they want to use in choosing their choice of best Web services [15]. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

9. 1. Introduction • There is an increasing demand for Web users that want fast access time to their target Web services with vendor-neutral Web browser with a language such as HTML5 and platform-independency to reduce the use of proprietary plug-in-based RIAs (Rich Internet Application) such as Microsoft Silverlight, Sun JavaFX, and Adobe Flash although it will take time to satisfy demanding requirements of the Web users. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

10. 2. Next Generation Web 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

11. 2. Next Generation Web • Although there can be many definitions of a Next Generation Web, we can define it roughly as a future Web with enhanced current Web features [13] plus other emerging features. As the Internet usage environment is changing with better broadband Internet access and wireless communications using various mobile communication devices with converging capabilities of various multimedia services, the shape of future Web, i.e., Next Generation Web can be figured out as a meaningful Internet usage tool. Recently, ICANN announced the introduction of non-Latin script domain names [3] and it would be one of the biggest changes in its début of the Internet in 1969. This will enable, more users of the Internet to use the Web friendly than before and the use of the Internet will continue to be more active. As new Web services such as Google Wave [1] which is a kind of convergence Web-based e-mail service integrating communication, collaboration, and file sharing services are available in the market, new interesting features of the Next Generation Web will be developed by the users’ requirements generated in using those new Web services in their daily activities [6, 7, 15]. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

12. 2. Next Generation Web • Over the Internet, the users started to use the Web conveniently to execute their common business application programs online since 2006. These programs are accessible from any Web browser over the Internet even if the distributive software and data are stored on servers over the Internet without the users’ knowledge about their locations, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure in the “cloud” that supports them [10, 16]. Since 2008, global IT enterprises such as Amazon, Google, and salesforce.com started to deliver services such as IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) delivering computer infrastructure typically a platform virtualization as a service, PaaS (Platform as a Service) delivering a computing platform and solution stack as a service, SaaS (Software as a Service) [9] delivering a software application license to customers for use as a service on demand. But, on the other side, cloud computing also has the problems to be solved such as security, reliability, availability, and interoperability issues to satisfy the users’ demands in full. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

13. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

14. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • HTML5; This specification provides the details necessary for producers of HTML content to create conformant documents, and for others to check the conformance of existing documents. It is designed: • to describe the syntax and structure of the HTML language • to describe the semantics of HTML elements and their attributes (that is, to describe what the elements and attributes represent) • to be clear and unambiguous • to be as concise and readable as possible. • (Source: http://dev.w3.org/html5/markup/) 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

15. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web Emerging Markup – HTML5 • Web technologies are being migrated from early generation of HTML, HTTP, and URL based Web to current XML/RDF based model and this migration process will continue. Using the same model, various higher layer standards are being developed to apply on various popular domains with Web users’ demands. • As a future Web language candidate , which is the specification of next major revision of HTML, HTML5 is being defined by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) since June 2004. It is the proposed next standard for its predecessors including HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, and DOM Level 2 HTML.   2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

16. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web Web Browsers: • In the development of the latest major Web browsers, Microsoft IE8 (Internet Explorer 8), Mozilla Firefox 3.5, and Opera software Opera 10 with Turbo are showing various features focused on easy access, standard based, and enhanced security with diverse functionalities. To accommodate ever increasing demands of wireless and mobile communications of the Web users various mobile Web browsers are being developed. Microsoft is releasing IE Mobile, Widget and Geo-Location, and Mozilla and Opera software are continuously enhancing Mozilla Mobile with Fennec Project and Opera Mobile 9.7 and Mobile Widgets respectively although their Web market shares are not that high compared with Microsoft. • Major Web browsers performance comparison is shown in Box 2 and usage of major Web browsers is depicted in Box 3. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

17. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web Mobile Web • The Web has already gone mobile environment. All of the dynamic and interactive services of the Web can now reach the mass market of millions and millions mobile users. All the different technologies and concepts related to mobile browsing may seem overwhelming. Now, users want to access their favorite Web sites and content whenever they want, regardless of their physical location or computer access. Web services must be available when the user has the need to access them. • Full Web browsing means delivering a full, desktop-like browsing experience to the mobile device, with a compatible browser. Pages are rendered like on desktop browsers, just as the original Web designer intended. There are clear advantages for both the site maintainer and the user: there is no need to maintain two separate versions of a Web site, one for mobile and one for desktop access. The user receives a similar experience as with a desktop browser, and is instantly familiar with the look and feel of the site. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

18. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • The solid foundation of the mobile Web is the utilization of standard Web technologies. Standard technologies both support interoperability across different platforms and allow Web developers to apply their existing skills. The following lists and explains the major Web technologies. • HTML and XHTML (MP) for contents structure • CSS for separating the content and layout • Ajax – a Web 2.0 marriage of XML and JavaScript • Flash Lite brings fascinating interactive media to the mobile browser • Web Runtime – Web technologies extended outside the browser • Widgets and WidSets: changing the way information is accessed [21]. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

19. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • Many different interpretations exist for the term “Web standards.” “Web standards” can refer to the actual specification of how a language or technology works. An industry standards body, such as the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), produces these specifications. "Web standards” can also describe the techniques of applying the language or technology as recommended by the standards body. These are essentially “best practices” or a development philosophy. There have been accepted industry Web standards and best practices for mobile development in place since the late ‘90s. The currently accepted mobile standards continue to evolve along with mobile devices. • However, mobile devices throughout the world vary in how they render content. This resembles the differences between Netscape and Internet Explorer in the late ‘90s or even Firefox and Internet Explorer today. However, the mobile device space is more fragmented: instead of having a few major mobile browsers, there are many different browser types and thousands of variants. • The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created the Mobile Web Initiative (MWI). The goal is to increase recognition of standards and best practices of publishing to the Mobile Web called mobileOK. The W3C MWI includes industry leading mobile service providers, handset makers, a variety of mobile publishers and mobile developers [22]. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

20. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web Social Web • The Social Web is currently used to describe how people socialize or interact with each other throughout the World Wide Web. Such people are brought together through a variety of shared interests. There are different ways in which people want to socialize on the Web today. There are also two ways in which people socialize with each other in the Social Web. The most general and most common type is always at a distance and only on the World Wide Web. In such socializing, there is never face-to-face personal contact. Much of the socializing on Flickr is sharing of photos and making comments on the photos of others. However, where Flickr members come from a common local geographical area, then they are inclined to get together physically for a common photoshoot. This exemplifies the second type of socializing through the World Wide Web: that which leads to real physical contact. Typical examples of the latter arose historically from social networking both within and outside schools and colleges. Facebook's origins are in the facebook of college students from Harvard University. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

21. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • Prior to leaving Forrester to join Altimeter Group, Jeremiah Owyang, along with Josh Bernoff, Cynthia N. Pflaum, and Emily Bowen, published a report that attempted to bring the future of the Social Web into focus. If we viewed the content of this research as a social object, the conversations that would transpire could in fact expedite the development and implementation of the most valuable predictions and observations contained within. • Today’s social experience is disjointed because consumers have separate identities in each social network they visit. A simple set of technologies that enable a portable identity will soon empower consumers to bring their identities with them—transforming marketing, eCommerce, CRM, and advertising. IDs are just the beginning of this transformation, in which the Web will evolve step by step from separate social sites into a shared social experience. Consumers will rely on their peers as they make online decisions. Socially connected consumers will strengthen communities and shift power away from brands and CRM systems; eventually this will result in empowered communities defining the next generation of products. • Forrester reports the evolution and direction of the Social Web in several distinct stages: • The era of social relations • The era of social functionality • The era of social colonization • The era of social context. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

22. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web Structure Data • Structure Data has been referred to under the umbrella term of 'Semantic Web.’ It is however become clear that this trend is much more than the Semantic Web. Tim Berners-Lee said that we're now in a Web of Data, rather than a Web of Documents. The W3C has promoted two key initiatives that are helping to build this Web of Data: the Semantic Web and more recently Linked Data. There are many other ways to structure data and enable others to build off it. The best current example is surely Twitter, whose API has historically been responsible for around 90% of Twitter's activity - via third party apps. The basic principle of the Web of Data is "unstructured information will give way to structured information - paving the road to more intelligent computing." 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

23. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web Real-time Web • The real-time web is a set of technologies and practices which enable users to receive information as soon as it is published by its authors, rather than requiring that they or their software check a source periodically for updates. It is fundamentally different from real-time computing since there is no knowing when, or if, a response will be received. The information types transmitted this way are often short messages, status updates, news alerts or links to longer documents. The content is often "soft" in that it is based on the social Web - people's opinions, attitudes, thoughts and interests-as opposed to hard news or facts. • The most successful examples are Facebook's newsfeed and Twitter. This approach is being implemented in social networking, search, and news sites, which makes those experiences more like Instant Messaging. Early benefits include increased user engagement ("flow") and decreased server loads. • Ken Fromm wrote an insightful primer to the Real-Time Web for ReadWriteWeb. In it, he explained that the Real-Time Web is a new form of communication, it creates a new body of content, it's immediate, it's public and has an explicit social graph associated with it, and it carries an implicit model of federation. One of the early leaders in the Real-Time Web was FriendFeed, a lifestreaming service that became popular with early adopters. Co-founder Paul Buchheit (who also built the first version of Gmail, during his time at Google) told ReadWriteWeb in May that "the open, real-time discussions that occur on FriendFeed are going to become a major new communication medium on the same level as e-mail, IM and blogging • [24, 25].” 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

24. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • To satisfy the diverse and ever increasing Web users’ dynamic requirements, Web applications for client interoperability, Mobile Web to better support the mobile device usage environment, Voice standards to support verbal communications, Web Services to deliver diverse services in a distributed environment, Semantic Web standard to support intelligent service processing, and Privacy/Web security standards are being developed by W3C [14]. Overall, the Web is continuously evolving towards the Next Generation with three major elements: Web Services, Semantic Web, and Ubiquitous Web [11]. • As one of the possible set of component technologies of Next Generation Web, there are five major component technologies such as Ubiquitous Web, Mobile Web, Web 2.0 [2, 4, 5, and 12], Web Platform [8], and Web Accessibility. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

25. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • Ubiquitous Web Technologies make possible different types of devices including desktops, office automation devices, home appliances, mobile phones, ubiquitous devices such as sensors and effectors to communicate each other seamlessly via the Web. Mobile Web Technologies make it possible for diverse types of mobile devices including cell phones, PDAs to exchange URI based resources via HTTP and use markup languages such as XML. Web 2.0 technologies make it possible to use a more ‘distributed and open’ Web as a Platform by enhancing the capabilities of existing Web applications and service environments. Web as a Platform Technologies make it possible for users to link and execute local or remote applications, services, and data by using the various currently available standardized Web technologies. Web Accessibility Technologies, including cursor-based browsing, adaptive zoom, ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Application) markup support make it possible the Web users primarily for disabled uses, but for all user agents including highly limited devices such as mobile phones to access Web content. A series of Web content access guidelines were published by W3C as the document WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) [14]. • The Web is also migrating toward Social Web which is used for people socialize via WWW. People are brought together by people oriented Websites such as Facebook and My space or by common hobby oriented Websites such as Flickr and Kodak Gallery. There are many Web-based Collaboration Tools available on the market [19]. Although there are paid or subscription services such as Basecamp and Zimbra, there are many alternatives providing free and similar, if not better, features including MS Live docs, Google Docs and bubbl.us. The functions of those tools are very diverse ranging from basic brainstorming or white boarding to fully-featured project management applications. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

26. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • As one of the possible set of component technologies of Next Generation Web, there are five major component technologies such as Ubiquitous Web, Mobile Web, Web 2.0 [2, 4, 5, and 12], Web Platform [8], and Web Accessibility. • Ubiquitous Web Technologies make possible different types of devices including desktops, office automation devices, home appliances, mobile phones, ubiquitous devices such as sensors and effectors to communicate each other seamlessly via the Web. Mobile Web Technologies make it possible for diverse types of mobile devices including cell phones, PDAs to exchange URI based resources via HTTP and use markup languages such as XML. Web 2.0 technologies make it possible to use a more ‘distributed and open’ Web as a Platform by enhancing the capabilities of existing Web applications and service environments. Web as a Platform Technologies make it possible for users to link and execute local or remote applications, services, and data by using the various currently available standardized Web technologies. Web Accessibility Technologies, including cursor-based browsing, adaptive zoom, ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Application) markup support make it possible the Web users primarily for disabled uses, but for all user agents including highly limited devices such as mobile phones to access Web content. A series of Web content access guidelines were published by W3C as the document WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) [14]. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

27. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web • The Web is also migrating toward Social Web which is used for people socialize via WWW. People are brought together by people oriented Websites such as Facebook and My space or by common hobby oriented Websites such as Flickr and Kodak Gallery. There are many Web-based Collaboration Tools available on the market [19]. Although there are paid or subscription services such as Basecamp and Zimbra, there are many alternatives providing free and similar, if not better, features including MS Live docs, Google Docs and bubbl.us. The functions of those tools are very diverse ranging from basic brainstorming or white boarding to fully-featured project management applications. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

28. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web (*source: http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/2009/04/27/future-of-the-social-web/) 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

29. 3. Current Major Technologies for Next Generation Web 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

30. 4. Emerging Technology Trends • The major technologies for a Next Generation Web discussed in section 3 are interacting with many emerging technologies having enhancing functionalities to deliver better services to users. These include technologies such as telematics/LBS, broadband convergence service, DMB/TDV, home service, RFID/USN service, IT service, next generation mobile communication service, intelligent robot, embedded software/terminal and digital contents/software solution [8]. • Beyond the technologies mentioned above, there are many other technologies to consider. One of them is Web development tools. Up to now, currently used widget tools are mainly used to create user interfaces (UIs). They are not the Web applications that general Web developers want. Canvas, which is a HTML extension for procedural graphics allowing dynamic scriptable rendering of bitmap images and WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), is used to describe a system that make displayed content during editing looks very similar to the final output such as Web page, slide presentation, or a printed document. In case of Canvas, it is an important tool in Web development because sometimes we need a program offering a more compact way to represent images. Tools which can offer these features will be useful to satisfy the Web developers’ requirements and further stimulate the use of HTLM5. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

31. 4. Emerging Technology Trends • Currently, different Web browsers support different chipsets and drivers. Fennec which is the build of the Mozilla Firefox web browser for smaller non-PC devices, mobile phones and PDA is UNIX based. Maemo is a software platform developed by Nokia for smart phones and the Internet Tablets based on the Debian OS. Maemo, based on Debian GNU/Linux supports hardware acceleration at Maemo platform. OpenGL ES (OpenGL for Embedded Systems) which is a subset of the OpenGL 3D graphics API designed for embedded devices like mobile phones, PDAs, and video game consoles and Canvas use vector engines for processing respectively. • Accessing the resources in cloud computing environment over the Internet using mobile or fixed hardware devices will provide the challenge in realizing a standardized solution for a seamless Web access for the users to achieve their goal of enjoying Web services without disruptions. • In this respect, major Web browser vendors including Microsoft, Mozilla, Opera software, and Apple are striving to embed emerging technical features into the Web market according to the users’ new requirements into their Web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, and Safari respectively in developing their products. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

32. 4. Emerging Technology Trends • Another emerging issue, in the Web market, is Web OS. One example is a Web browser Gazelle introduced by Microsoft in February 2009 [17]. It acts like as multi-purpose Operating Systems with browser kernel exclusively protecting all system resources and sharing across Web sites. On the other hand, Google Chrome OS is running Web applications on the Google Linux-based kernel. It is a light weight OS devoted to use the Web and was announced on 7 July, 2009. Google stated that the Google Chrome will be open source by the end of 2009 and will use “a new windowing system [18].” We can consider Google Chrome OS as a combination of Linux kernel and Google Chrome Web browser, and Gazelle OS is a combination of Windows kernel and Internet Explorer. It is expected that a miniaturized OS kernel which can drive a Web browser (not heavy/full desktop OS kernels such as XP, Vista, and Windows 7 which was released in October 2009 in the market), Web components, and various plug-ins are being developed by Microsoft now. Considering current development trends of Web browser and Web OS, various development directives of different vendors will converge to development effort based on standardized technical specifications of Web browser and OS accepted by the industry for higher interoperability of diverse Web user applications. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

33. 4. Emerging Technology Trends • Web OS is also being developed toward Mobile Web OS such as Palm Web-OS running on a Linux-based kernel with proprietary components developed by Palm to satisfy increasing requirements of mobile wireless Web users. The Palm Pre smart-phone is the first device to launch with Web-OS (2009-01-08) and Palm Pre and Web-OS were released on June 6, 2009 (2009-06-06). The second device to use the new Web OS, Palm Pixi is planned to be released in the market in late 2009 with significant online social network and Web 2.0 integration features [20]. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

34. 5. Future Development Direction of Next Generation Web Technologies • Several standardization development organizations (SDOs) including, CELF, DVB, EPC, IEC, IEEE, ISO, ITU, JCP, MPEG, OGC, OMA, OMG, W3C, and 3GPP are working on the emerging technologies of Next Generation Web. Table 1 shows a mapping between emerging technologies relevant to a Next Generation Web and SDOs involved in Next Generation Web technologies compiled based on referencing various resources including [8]. The mark ‘X’ in the table shows that a given SDO is involved in developing respective set of emerging technologies relevant to the Next Generation Web. For example, ITU-T is involved in development of standards for emerging technologies relevant to the Next Generation Web such as broadband convergence service, DMB/TDV, home service such as residential technology [26] , RFID/USN service, next generation mobile communication service, and intelligent robot technologies. • As we can see in Table 1, five standard organizations are involved in intelligent robot technologies, four in digital contents/software solution technologies, telematics/LBS technologies and three standard organizations are involved in DMB/TDV technologies, RFID/USN service technologies, and next generation mobile communication service technologies respectively. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

35. 5. Future Development Direction of Next Generation Web Technologies Table 1: A Mapping between Emerging Technologies Relevant to Next Generation Web and Standard Organizations Involved in Next Generation Web Technologies 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

36. 5. Future Development Direction of Next Generation Web Technologies •  This analysis shows that Next Generation Web will develop mainly based on those technologies considering the market growth direction of the current Web market. Besides those technologies, there are many other factors we need to consider in future development of Next Generation web technologies. As discussed in section 3, HTML5 is being developed with emerging features such as CSS3, RIA, and Mobile Web. Its impact on the Web industry will be significant. The other issue is, whether it is possible and desirable to replace Operating Systems with Next Generation Web. • In considering all of these issues in various applications of Next Generation Web, use of interoperable standardized technologies would be extremely useful for seamless fixed and mobile Web services delivery over the Internet. In that sense, the following recent Web technology standard issues of W3C show some clues to the future direction of Next Generation Web [14]: • Device API standards for Mobile Web device control • Video Web standards toward common metadata for diverse Web-based video services • Mobile Web standards for seamless Web services access using diverse Mobile Web devices • RIA standards for Web applications for including widgets • HTML5 standards toward comprehensive Web markup specification • Social Web standards Web-based social services using Semantic Web technologies. • The following Figure 1 shows major decision factors influencing future development direction of Next Generation Web. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

37. Figure 1:Major Decision Factors Influencing Future Development Direction of Next Generation Web Users’ Diverse Web Service Requirements Current Web Technologies Next Generation Web Emerging Web Technologies Industry’s Business Models to Generate Revenue International Web Technology Standard Development Directions 5. Future Development Direction of Next Generation Web Technologies 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

38. 5. Future Development Direction of Next Generation Web Technologies • Major decision factors will influence in the development directions of Next Generation Web technologies including Web browsers, languages, OSs, and development tools. At the same time, emerging technologies with enhancing functionalities to deliver better Web services to users such as telematics/LBS, broadband convergence service, DMB/TDV, home service, RFID/USN service, IT service, next generation mobile communication service, intelligent robot, embedded software/terminal and digital contents/software solution will interact with major Next Generation Web technologies to satisfy users’ more diverse and dynamic requirements in a sustainable manner. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

39. 6. Conclusion • We identified current major technical components of Next Generation Web and its emerging technologies based on the standardization activities of major international organizations relevant to emerging Next Generation Web technologies, leading Web software and software vendors, users’ increasing requirements, and the Web market. • We need to analyze diverse Web users’ new application requirements in depth in figuring out what would be the Next Generation Web. Although many interesting technologies for Next Generation Web are available in the market, only demanding and popular requirements of the users will survive in the market in the long run and play an important role in shaping the future configuration of Next Generation Web as you can see the changing trend of the users’ requirements [15]. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

40. 6. Conclusion • To access the Web over the Internet seamlessly, a Web user will want to use desktop or any mobile device of choice with universal Web engine and browser having features of user friendly accessibility, fortified security, and diverse functions with globally interoperable standards. To make all of these possible, we may think of development of standardized Web OS like Linux in software development industry as one of the possible choices of future Next Generation Web development for interoperability. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

41. 6. Conclusion • A standardized Web OS is another issue in the Next Generation Web. The current Web relevant software, hardware, and service standards including HTML5, Device API, Video Web, Mobile Web, RIA, and Social Web will interact with emerging technologies based on diverse requirements of the Web users and the growth of Web market according to the users’ changing usage trends of Web services. The eventual future topology of the Next Generation Web will be significantly influenced and decided by the users’ diverse Web service requirements, current and emerging Web technologies, industry’s business models to generate revenue, and international Web technology standard development directions and progress. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

42. References • 1. Google Wave: What's All the Fuss About? URL= • http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1929231,00.html • 2. H. J. Lim and J. K. Park, Emerging Issue Report 10, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, ISBN 978-89-6211-086-9 98570. • 3. Internet set for big change with introduction of non-Latin script domain names, Yahoo! News Canada, URL=http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/091026/business/as_tec_internet_names_1 • 4. J. H. Jeon and S. Y. Lee, The Trends of Mobile Web 2.0 and Mobile Standardization ETRI Technology Trends Analysis, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 84-95, December 2007. • 5. J. H. Jeon and S. Y. Lee, Trend and Prospect of the Web 2.0 Technology, ETRI Technology Trends Analysis, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 141-153, October 2006. • 6. Josh Pasek, Eian More, and Daniel Romer, Realizing the Social Internet? Online Social Networking Meets Offline Civic Engagement, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 6, pp. 197–215, 2009 • 7. Matthew Buckland, Future Web Trends, Innovation Series 2007 with Jimmy Wales, GM: New Media, M&G Online, 2007. • 8. Next Generation Web, Digital Contents/ Software Areas, ICT Standardization Roadmap 2009, TTA, pp. 1-75. • 9. Next Generation Web Application SaaS (Software as a Service), NIDA (National Internet Development Agency of Korea), ISSUE ABC, pp. 1-4. • 10. O. G. Min, H. Y. Kim, and G. H. Nam, Trends in Technology of Cloud Computing, ETRI Technology Trends Analysis, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 1-13, August 2009. • 11. S.Y. Lee, Web standardization present and future, TTA Journal, No. 105, pp. 12-18. • 12. S.Y. Lee, “Future web standardization technologies,” ETRI, W3C Korea Office, pp. 1-96. • 13. World Wide Web, URL=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWW. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

43. References • 14. W3C, URL=http://www.w3.org/. • 15. 50 Best Websites 2009, URL= http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031_1918016,00.html • 16. Krissi Danielson, Distinguishing Cloud Computing from Utility Computing, SaaS Week, March 26, 2008, URL= http://www.ebizq.net/blogs/saasweek/2008/03/distinguishing_cloud_computing/ • 17. Introducing Microsoft's Gazelle: A Web Browser as a Multi-Principal OS, URL= http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/introducing_microsofts_gazelle.php • 18. Google Chrome OS, URL=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome_OS. • 19. 15 Free Tools for Web-based Collaboration, • URL=http://sixrevisions.com/tools/15-free-tools-for-web-based-collaboration/. • 20. PalmWebOS.org, URL= http://palmwebos.org/about/ • 21, Nokia’s Mobile Web Technologies Overview, URL= http://www.forum.nokia.com • 22. World Wide Web Consortium MWI, URL= http://mobiforge.com/book/mobile-web-standards • 23, Web strategy by Geremiah Owyang, URL = http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/2009/04/27/future-of-the-social-web/ • 24, Read Write Web, URL = http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/top_5_web_trends_of_2009_the_real-time_web.php • 25, Read Write Web, URL = http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/the_real-time_web_a_primer_part_1.php • 26. Residential technology, URL= http://www.residentialtechnologyservices.com/default.asp 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

44. Acknowledgements • The presenter wants to express sincere thanks to Dr. Young-Han Choe ofITU-T Technology Watch Program who supplied the ITU-T Technology Watch research fund generously and Dr. Seung-Yoon Lee of ETRIfor his precious expertise by supplying documents and latest technical trends regarding Next Generation Web. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

45. Thank you! 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV

46. 2009 KOCSEA Technical Symposium, LV, NV