Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure

1. Essentials of AV TechnologyAV System Infrastructure

2. Part OneControl Systems

3. Introduction to Control Systems • Introduction to Control Systems • Types of Control Signals • Net-Centric Control

4. Control Systems Control System: Operation of complex AV systems without technical knowledge

5. Control System Functions • Event driven system is reactive • Functions are any individual action • Common functions • Raising/lowering projection screen • Powering devices • Setting volume levels

6. Control System Componets • The "Brains" of the System • Interfaces with devices to execute functions • Runs custom programs

7. Control System Interfaces A way for the user to interact with a control system • Touchpanels • Multi-button panels • Touch-sensitive screens

8. Control Signals • Signals communicate commands • Unidirectional • Bidirectional

9. Contact Closure Typically an "on" or "off" switch.

10. Variable Voltage Control Voltage ramp generator Camera pan/tilt head

11. Infrared: Optical and Wired Optical Infrared: Line of sight Wired: serial communication

12. Radio Frequency User interface Control links Limit 100 ft (30 m)

13. RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 RS-232: Unbalanced circuit, easily affected by noise; DB-9 or DB-25 connector. RS-422: Balanced circuit; four-wire connection. RS-485: Balanced circuit; supports 32 transmitting/receiving devices.

14. Ethernet • Allows for communications between components, applications, and the internet • Enterprise-wide potential

15. Termination Types • RJ45 (8P8C) • DB-9 • Captive screw

16. Control Systems on Networks Ethernet network capabilities • Remote operation of AV control system • Asset management • User support possibilities • Planning

17. Part TwoElectrical Systems

18. Electrical Systems Introduction • Electrical Systems Introduction • Electrical Systems • Electrical System Commonalities • Voltage • Current • Current: DC Power • Current: AC Power • Resistance and Impedance • Power • Ohm's Law

19. Electrical Systems

20. Electrical System Commonalities • Different countries have different electrical systems. There is commonality in: • The basics of electrical power and distribution • The characteristics of electricity • How an electrical circuit works • How electricity is managed in an AV system • Electrical safety issues

21. Voltage • Measure of electrical pressure • Potential force • Difference of potential • Symbol: V (or E)

22. Current • Flow of electrons • Symbol: I (or A) • Measured in amperes Direct Current Alternating Current

23. Current: DC Power • Facts about DC power: • Charge stays at a constant flow • does not reverse direction • Can be positive or negative • Computer signals, batteries, and power supplies usually use DC power.

24. Current: AC Power • Voltage • USA: 120 volts • Europe: 230 volts • Signal alternates • Current travels in cycles • Frequency in Hertz (Hz) or cps • Current returns to source

25. Resistance and Impedance • Resistance (R): Opposition to the flow of electrons • Measured in ohms (Ω) • Resistance in a conductor • Impedance (Z): Resistance and reactance in an AC circuit • Measured in ohms (Ω)

26. Power Power is the rate at which work is done. • Symbol: P • Measured in watts (W) • One watt expended when one amp of direct current flows through a resistance of one ohm

27. Ohm's Law • Current proportional to voltage • Voltage increase = current increase if resistance stays the same • Current and resistance inversely proportional • Resistance increase = current decrease if voltage stays the same

28. Ohm’s Law Formula Current - amount flowing though drain Resistance – pipe size

29. Electrical Circuits Introduction • Electrical Circuits • Series and Parallel Circuits • Grounding • Electrical Power and Distribution • Electrical Safety • Electrical Installation Safety • Electrical Systems Summary

30. Electrical Circuits

31. Series and Parallel Circuits • Series: All current through circuit, voltage divided across load Parallel: Voltage remains same, current divides

32. Grounding • Limits human exposure to electricity • System ground • Connects AC circuit to ground • Equipment ground • Connects metal parts to infrastructure ground • Normally not current-carrying

33. Electrical Power and Distribution

34. Electrical Safety • Code Standards and AHJ • Installed systems • Environment • Fill allowances • Rack grounding • Current protection • Safe access

35. Electrical Installation Safety

36. Part ThreeSignal Management Systems

37. Signal Mangement Systems • Signal Management Systems • Wire • Cable • Conductors • Insulation • Shield • Jackets • Cable Types • Connectors • Connector Guide • Signal Integrity • Distance Limits • Switchers • Distribution Amplifiers • Rack Building • Signal Management Summary

38. Wire Wire is a single conductor.

39. Cable Cable is Multiple insulated conductors

40. Conductors • Material that allows current and voltage to pass • Classification • Size • Construction • Conductive material

41. Insulation Insulation protects equipment and people

42. Shield Shields Protect conductors from interference

43. Jackets Jackets provide physical protection for cable.

44. Cable Types

45. Connectors

46. Signal Integrity • Preserve signal quality • Interference and signal integrity • EMI • Lighting • Transformers • Many more

47. Distance Limits Affects signal strength • Signal level • Signal bandwidth • Cable loss characteristics A cross section of a cable shows signal loss as distance increases.

48. Switchers Selects signal(s) from multiple sources to send to a destination

49. Distribution Amplifiers Sends a single signal source to multiple destinations maintains signal integrity

50. Rack Building