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Georgia’s Colonization. GPS Standard SS8H2: The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history A.O.I. is Human Ingenuity. SS8H2. Find the major verbs and nouns and label them on your “T” Chart. Element a.
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Georgia’s Colonization GPS Standard SS8H2: The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history A.O.I. is Human Ingenuity
SS8H2 Find the major verbs and nouns and label them on your “T” Chart. Element a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah. Element b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia's colonial history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida.
Verbs Nouns • Explain • Evaluate • Importance of: • James Oglethorpe • Charter of 1732 • Reasons for Settlement • Tomochichi • Mary Musgrove • City of Savannah • The Trustee Period, emphasizing: • Salzburgers • Highland Scots • Malcontents • Spanish threat from Florida
Verbs Nouns • Explain • Evaluate • Importance of: • James Oglethorpe • Charter of 1732 • Tomochichi • Mary Musgrove • City of Savannah • The Trustee Period, emphasizing: • Salzburgers • Highland Scots • Malcontents • Spanish Threat from Florida Unit 2: Exploration and GA Colonization Lesson 2: Georgia as a Trustee Colony Term (Noun) Definition/Identification Why was _____ important to the colonization and development of Georgia? 1. James Oglethorpe 2. Charter of 1732 3. Reasons for Settlement 4. Tomochichi 5. Mary Musgrove 6. City of Savannah Term (Noun) Definition/Identification What impact did the _____ have on the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonization? 6. Salzburgers 7. Highland Scots 8. Malcontents 9. Spanish Threat from Florida
Background (Do not write) • British had claimed the land in GA in 1663. • In 1717, Britain finally makes plans to settle GA. • Sir Robert Montgomery wanted to create a paradise colony called “Margravate of Azilia,” which would grow several crops (coffee, tea, currants, olives, rice, almonds, and silk). • Montgomery planned to give land gold, silver, and other precious stones to those who moved to this “paradise.” • Montgomery’s plans, as well as other plans, to settle GA were not successful. • In the late 1720s, James Oglethorpe began to talk about a colony for the “working poor.”
James Edward Oglethorpe • Born in London in 1696. • Came from an educated and wealthy family. • In 1722, he became a member of Parliament’s House of Commons. • Studied prison reform. • Wanted to help people • worked to improve prison conditions and let thousands go free. • Worked on a plan with 19 other people that promised a fresh start for the “unfortunate but worthy individuals.”
The Charter of 1732 • On June 7, 1732 King George II granted a charter to Oglethorpe. • The charter made Oglethorpe’s group of 21 men trustees in order to manage GA for 21 years. • Trustees – people who hold responsibility on behalf of others. • Charter – a legal document that grants special rights and privileges.
In 1730, Oglethorpe and 21 men asked King George II for land “southwest of Carolina for settling poor persons of London.” • British colonies had two main reasons: • 1. to have a balanced trading policy. • 2. protect/defend against the French, Spanish, and Native Americans.
Transport colonists to the new colony Provide fifty acres of land Provide tools Provide enough food for one year If they could pay their own way, colonists would get five hundred acres of land and permission to take ten indentured servants Defend the new colony against enemies Not sell or borrow money on land given to them, but could pass on land to heirs Receive seeds and agricultural tools and use them in cultivating the lands of the new settlement Use a portion of their land to grow mulberry trees so that silkworms would eat the leaves and eventually produce silk Obey all regulations established by the trustees The trustees agreed to: The colonists agreed to:
“Promises” • Do you think the promises were a fair exchange? Why or why not? • Which promise(s) do you think could cause problems? • Would you have signed the agreement?
Four reasons for establishment of a colony (territories inhabited by some of its people and under it’s control) A. Personal B. Religion C. Business/Economic D. Political
Mercantile System of Trade • For mercantilism to work, a country must be self sufficient. • England did not have the resources to be self sufficient. • For mercantilism to work England needed to find new resources for needed goods and raw materials.
Mercantile System of Trade • North America held the most promise for a new source of raw materials. • The colonies would also be a valuable market for English goods
Mercantilism • Americaexported raw materials to England • England exported manufactured goods back to the Colonies.
Mercantilism (cont) • Raw materials- exported by colonies to England. Fish, whale oil, furs, lumber, rum, corn, iron, wheat, tobacco, hides, indigo, naval stores. • Manufactured goods- Imported by colonies from England. Cloth, glass, tools, china, furniture, firearms, wine sugar, tea.
Reasons for settling the Georgia Colony A. Charity- to give released debtors and other “worthy poor” a new start in life. B. Economic- to strengthen the economy through the mercantile system C. Defense “buffer zone” between South Carolina and Spanish in Fla. and also to protect against Indian attacks.
James Edward Oglethorpe and 20 other influential men in Great Britain made a plan to create a colony for the working poor. They envisioned a colony for people who faced jail time for bad debts. Georgia Becomes a Colony
Georgia Becomes a Colony (cont) • In 1732, King George II created a charter allowing 21 Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21 years. It included the land between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers and extended west to the Pacific Ocean. • Trustees – people who hold responsibility on behalf of others. • Charter – a legal document that grants special rights and privileges.
I. The Anne arrived February 12, 1733 II. The voyage was fairly easy-two people died, both were infants. III. Oglethorpe chose a site 18 miles up the Savannah River.
The First Georgia Colonists • Few debtors, former prisoners, or working poor ever made it to Georgia during its early settlement. • Georgia’s first settlers were given land, tools, and food. They promised to defend the colony from invaders and to grow trees that would attract silk worms.
Between 114 and 125 settlers sailed form England on the ship Ann in 1732. Oglethorpe befriended Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians. • Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the Savannah River. This became the first settlement of the new Georgia colony.
Tomochichi • Chief of the Yamacraw Indians. • Important role in creating peace between Europeans and Native Americans. • Helped Native Americans peacefully negotiate. • Became good friends with Oglethorpe. • Died in 1739.
Mary Musgrove • Daughter of an English trader and a Creek Indian. • Helped maintain peace between Native Americans and GA colonists (British). • Was an interpreter for Oglethorpe.
Savannah: Georgia’s Planned City • Oglethorpe, surveyor Noble Jones, and Colonel William Bell designed the city of Savannah and built along the Savannah River to facilitate shipping. • The streets formed several squares that were divided into blocks (called “tythings”) and wards. The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings. • All but three of Oglethorpe's original squares exist in Savannah today. • Today, nearly 150,000 people live in Savannah. Click to return to the Table of Contents
B. Each settler (male adult) received 1. house lot 2. 5 acres on the edge of town for personal garden 3. 45 acres of land outside of town for large scale farming.
New Colonists Arrive in Georgia • Catholics were not allowed to settle in Georgia under the charter signed by King George II. They were not allowed until after the American Revolution. • Forty original settlers died in the first year. In 1733, 42 Jews were allowed to settle in Georgia, including a much-needed doctor.
In 1733, a group of German protestants from Salzburg arrived, and settled a town called Ebenezer, about 25 miles from Savannah. Three years later they moved to Red Bluff and settled New Ebenezer. • Oglethorpe and Chief Tomochichi returned from a trip to England in 1736 with 300 more settlers, including German protestants from Salzburg and Saxony. Religious leaders John and Charles Wesley also arrived in Georgia.
Georgia’s Colonists Become Discontent • Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow rum trade, buying large tracts of land, or use of slave labor. • South Carolina used slave labor to successfully grow rice, tobacco, and cotton on large plantations. Farmers in Georgia wanted the same “success” that South Carolina farmers had. • Many Georgians moved to places in the colony where they basically could live as they wished. • By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell rum. Slavery was introduced in 1750. The colony named for King George II was changing.
The War Against Spain • The War of Jenkin’s Ear broke out between Great Britain and Spain in 1739. Oglethorpe organized an army of about 2,000 men with plans to capture Spanish forts in Florida. Spain responded and forced the Georgians, South Carolinians, and their Indian allies to retreat to St. Simon’s Island. • The Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742 caused the Spanish to flee Georgia, marking the end to Spanish threats. Georgia’s southern border was protected. • Oglethorpe left the Georgia colony for England in 1743 and never returned.
The Post-Oglethorpe Era Begins • Three different men served as president of the Georgia colony from the time Oglethorpe left the colony until 1754: William Stephens, Henry Parker, and Patrick Graham. • In 1752, one year before the initial 21-year charter was to expire, the trustees returned Georgia to the authority of King Georgia II. • In its first 20 years as a colony, Georgia’s population grew to 5,500 people, of which one-third were slaves. Protestants from Europe found safe haven in Georgia. • Treaties with Native Americans and victory over the Spanish settlers in Florida provided security to the Georgia colonists.
Battle for the New World b/w Spain, France, and England • Spain became rich and powerful b/c of the gold • England and France tried to gain a share of the treasures • Spain and England had a war at sea. • The English captured Spanish treasure ships and burn settlements. • Spain used a huge fleet of ships called the “Invincible Armada” to destroy English ships.
England won! • England gained control of the seas and claimed the New World. • The 1st permanent English settlement was Jamestown, Virginia and they established 12 colonies along the Atlantic coastline. • 1st British fort established was Fort King George.
Early Georgia ColonyAccomplishments • The Bethesda Orphans Home was established in Ebenezer. • The orphanage later became Bethesda House School, where many of Georgia’s early leaders were educated. • The Methodist Church was founded by John and Charles Wesley. • The first Sunday School in America is established by the Wesley brothers. • A successful court system was established and maintained. • Women were able to inherit property. Click to return to the Table of Contents
The End of the Trustee Colony • Oglethorpe remained on the board of trustees until 1750. • In 1752, the British Government did not renew funding for the colony. • Trustees turned over power to the British Crown • GA became a royal colony
Royal Georgia • The Trustee period was officially over in 1752. • However, GA did not get its first governor (John Reynolds) until 1754. • The Crown of England now oversaw the control of GA. • GA does very well as a royal colony (exports rice, indigo, deerskins, lumber, beef, and pork).
Royal Colony Questions • 1. (p. 142) What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony? • 2. (p. 142) How was Governor Reynolds’ idea of governing different than the trustees? Want did the trustees not allow the colonists to do? • 3. (p. 142) Describe the new government of GA.
Land Grants • Settlers who came to the colony by way of the Trust’s charity were limited to 50 acres of land. • People who paid their way could have up to 500 acres. • They had to have at least one family member or one servant for every 50 acres (rule helped ensure that enough men were available to defend the colony). • Only men could own land • Settlers began to protest because they wanted their wives or daughters to be able to inherit their land.
Slavery • During the Trustee period, Georgia’s laws prohibited slavery. • In 1750, the slavery ban was lifted. • After the slave ban was lifted, life changed in the colony. • Slavery changed the economy of the region, plantations grew larger as thousands of slaves were brought to GA. • Between 1750 and 1775, the number of African slaves in GA increased from 500 to 18,000.
Slavery (cont.) • African slaves had no rights. • Slaves: • Could not marry • Could not live where they wanted • Could not learn to read • Lived and worked in harsh conditions • Punishment included whippings, beatings, separation from friends and families, and death.
