Egypt, Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent Test Review

1. Egypt, Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent Test Review

2. Sumer • Developed cuneiform • Invented the wheel • Built Ziggurats • City States • Polytheistic • Epic of Gilgamesh

3. Babylon • Code of Hammurabi • Capital was Babylon • Adopted Sumerian gods • Expanded public works projects

4. Hittites • Indo Europeans • Developed iron weapons • Revolutionized warfare

5. Assyrians • Brutal treatment of enemies and fierce warriors • Improved weapons and siege tactics • Established large empire • Developed road networks • Built one of the world’s first libraries

6. Chaldeans/Neo Babylonian Empire • Restored Babylon • Hanging Gardens of Babylon • Captured Jerusalem and brought Jewish slaves back to Babylon

7. Phoenicians • Traders who traveled throughout the Mediterranean • Carriers of Civilization • Spread ideas and technology throughout the Mediterranean • Developed the alphabet

8. Dynasty • Power/rule passed one from one family member to another

9. Theocracy • Government run by religious leaders

10. Cuneiform • Wedge shaped form of writing developed by the Sumerians

11. Hieroglyphics • Form of writing using pictures to represent letters and concepts

12. Egyptian View of the Afterlife • Positive view • Reflected the favorable geographic characteristics of the Nile River Valley

13. Sumerian View of the Afterlife • Feared gods • Saw gods as unpredictable • View of the afterlife was gloomy and bleak • Reflected the unpredictable nature of their world

14. Effects of Geographic Factors in Sumer • Lack of natural barriers promoted cultural diffusion

15. Effects of Geography on Egypt • Natural barriers protected Egypt from invasion and movement of large groups of outsiders • Limited cultural diffuison • Promoted development of unique Egyptian culture