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WW I. Militarism Alliance System Industrialization Nationalism Imperialism Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand from Austria by a Serb. WW I. Triple Entente—Great Britain, France, Russia Triple Alliance—Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Two major fronts
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WW I • Militarism • Alliance System • Industrialization • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand from Austria by a Serb.
WW I • Triple Entente—Great Britain, France, Russia • Triple Alliance—Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • Two major fronts • In the west Germans fought the French and British in France • In the east, Germany and Austria-Hungary fought the Russians
WW I • Sea—British navy and Germany submarines (U-boats) • Modern technology created a devastating stalemate that kept the military confined to trenches. • Unprecedented government growth. Executive branch power increased
Outside of Europe • British dominions gave support to Britain • US initially is neutral and sold goods to both sides and made loans to governments. Moves from a debtor to creditor nation • American leadership becomes pro-British and when an American vessel is sunk, the USA becomes interventionist. 1917.
Outside of Europe • Becomes a world war. Africa, India, China, Australia, New Zealand and Japan join the Entente. Australia and New Zealand join the British. • In the middle east, Ottoman Empire joins the Germans. British sponsor Arab national movements. • But leads to Balfour Declaration of 1917. Promise Jewish settlement in Palestine.
Outside of Europe • 1917 a weakened Russian state causes a revolution. Ends Tsarist government and Lenin and the Communists come to power. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. • Ends Russian involvement. • German offensive fails in 1918. Sue for peace.
Treaty of Versailles • French regained lost provinces, but did not gain security from Germany. • Italy felt they did not gain enough territory, while Japan was ignored during the negotiations. • Woodrow Wilson wanted to create a League of Nations but did not have American support.
Treaty of Versailles • China was weakened and lost territory to Japan. • Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and leads to nationalist risings. • Germany lost lands, colonial empire divided, and has to pay reparations. • Leads to insecure future and eventually WW II.