Dr.D.Shanthi Prof .& Head - CSE PSNACET, Dindigul

1. Green Computing : To reduce the Negative Impacts of Technology on the Environment Dr.D.Shanthi Prof .& Head - CSE PSNACET, Dindigul

2. Presentation Outline

3. “In the long term, economic sustainability depends on ecological sustainability.“ - Cree Indian Prophecy

4. Environment Today • It is becoming widely understood that the way in which we are behaving as a society is environmentally unsustainable causing irreparable damage to our planet • Global warming and environmental • changes have become problematic • issues with governments, corporations • and therefore all are seeking out new • ways to green up.

5. Introduction • “Green” has become a popular term for describing things that are good for the environment, generally healthful and, more recently, economically sensible. • Environmental and Energy conservation issues are now the talk of the day in the global business arena in recent years. • The driving force behind this change comes from • the ever growing business computing needs, • fast growing burden of energy cost, • growing awareness of global warming issues, • and increasing sense of national energy security • The technology community, specifically computer users, have popularized the term “Green Computing,”.

6. What is Green Computing/IT? Refers to environmentally sustainable computing New Paradigm of designing the Computer systems Which considers Processing Performance &also the energy efficiency • The study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, • and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems • such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and • networking communications Systems efficiently and effectively • with minimal or no impact on the environment.

7. Contd.. • The goals are to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. • It also strives to achieve economic viability and improved system performance and use, while abiding by our social and ethical responsibilities. • GC includes • the dimensions of environmental sustainability, • the economics of energy efficiency, • and the total cost of ownership, which includes the cost of disposal and recycling.

8. Green Computing Why? • To reduce the the consumption of power in H/W design. • Growing public environmental awareness • Increasing impacts on environmental and human health. • Corporate social responsibility. • The global information and communications technology (ICT) industry accounts for approximately 2 percent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, a figure equivalent to aviation, according to a estimate by Gartner, Inc. Despite the overall environmental value of IT, Gartner believes this is unsustainable. (Gartner, 2007). • As we know that the IT industry has long been a significant contributor to global warming, but green computing is a strong and growing trend that seeks to reverse that impact. • Green computing is the utmost requirement to protect environment and save energy along with operational expenses in today's increasingly competitive world.

9. Roads to Green Computing Green Use Green Manufacturing Green Design Green Disposal Four domains of Green Computing

10. Contd.. Green use is all about reducing the energy consumption associated with the computing resources and use them in an environmentally sound manner. Green Design — designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components, computers, servers, cooling equipment, and data centers . Green Manufacturing — manufacturing electronic components, computers, and other associated subsystems with minimal impact on the environment Green disposal deals with the issues of refurbishing and recycling old computers and electronic equipment.

11. Leading Edge Forum : Seeing the whole energy picture IT Usage ~ 2% ElectricityEmissionsRecyclingChemicals Water IT Production ~ 4% Digital Reduced SmartBuilding Real-time GNP Transportation Products Controls Measurement IT Application >90%

12. Sustainability and Green IT? A pile of electronic waste on a roadside in Guiyu, China Electronic waste in Guangdong, China As much as 4,000 tonnes of toxic e-waste are discarded every hour. Vast amounts are routinely and often illegally shipped as waste from Europe, USA and Japan to places where unprotected workers recover parts and materials.

13. Green Computing Initiatives • Computer science plays a crucial role in the research, teaching, and promotion of Green Computing techniques. • As part of a green strategy, IT organizations should assess which tech manufacturers have taken an environmentally conscious approach in their product design and are working to reduce their carbon footprint in their manufacturing processes. • Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste). • Enterprise Management Associates (EMA) recommends businesses to implement a green computing solution not only to contribute to the global environmental movement, but also to de­crease operating expenses and boost profitability.

14. Contd.. Lenovo has developed new energy-efficient LCD monitors that reduce the number of lamps from four to two. Xerox, for its part, has developed green printers that use solid ink, which produce less waste because IT administrators no longer have to dispose of toner cartridges. Hewlett-Packard’s DeskJet D2545 printer relies heavily on recycled materials, notes . IBM is significantly expanding the scope of Project Big Green to allow clients to address a much broader portion of the IT infrastructure, not only in the data center but beyond its walls.

15. Contd.. Recycled plastics account for 83 percent of the printer’s total plastic weight, and it uses ink cartridges molded from recycled plastic resins. The printer is also Energy Star certified and comes in 100 percent recyclable packaging. Some tech manufacturers are trying to make their packaging 100 percent recyclable. Acer, for example, is reducing its use of plastic foam. Acer’s Aspire Netbooks ship primarily in cardboard packaging.

16. Sun Micro System survey • According to a survey conducted by Sun Microsystems on Green IT, there were different aspects that organizations wish to achieve via Green IT implementation. • The top of the charts were reduction of power consumption and lowering of costs. • While environmental concern plays an important role in implementing Green IT, improved system performance and space settings also act as potential reasons for Green IT implementation.

17. Power Laser printers use a significant amount of energy while printing LCD monitors use 40% less energy than equivalent-sized CRTs Desktop power usage appears to increase by 35 -45% every two years Peripherals can account for 10% or more of a desktop’s energy usage

18. Results of measuring power consumption for different power modes using these two computers are shown in Figure.

19. Going Green…. • According to the survey, IT executives cite social responsibility (38 percent) and reducing operational costs (37 percent) as primary drivers for greening their IT operations. • This survey also unveiled that many corporations are currently implementing similar green IT initiatives. • The top four green IT initiatives are common throughout many industries; each of them would be relatively • straightforward—and ultimately profitable—to execute. • These four most common programs are • depicted in the diagram.

20. Tips for Initiating Green Strategy • Review your document on the screen instead of printing a draft. If you must print a draft, use the blank back side of used sheets. It may be possible to keep once-used paper in an extra tray in your printer. • Print in Economic mode when you can this saves toner by printing lighter on paper. • Buy refurbished ink cartridges and toner when possible • Print duplex this saves paper. • Don’t use screensavers. • Only buy a monitor as large as you really need. Although a large monitor might seem more attractive, you should remember that a 19-inch monitor uses 40% more energy than a 17-inch monitor. Also, the higher the resolution you buy, it needs more energy. • Again, the biggest thing is turning off all equipment when you leave for the day computers, monitors, copiers, printers, fax machines, etc. • Change your default margins in MS Word—The current margin default settings of 1.25" left/right and 1" top/bottom "eat up" a lot of usable document space.

21. Strategies which help in implementation of Green Computing Using Virtualization to Reduce Numbers of Servers Virtualization is the technology, which allows companies’ business application to be managed by independent host’s hardware. Adopting this strategy does not mean a move away from the logical model, only the physical model. Where servers are typically underutilized, virtualization can be used to carve up a single physical machine into a number of virtual servers. From a green perspective the net result is normally a substantial reduced in power and air conditioning requirements saving energy, money and thus reducing the carbon footprint of the server estate.

22. According to Gartner, Virtualization will be the highest-impact trend changing infrastructure and operations through 2012. • It allows companies of all sizes to cut costs, improve IT services and manage risk. • Virtualization is given credit for a whole array of energy and emission saving outcomes. • Virtualization, it can be argued, is largely responsible for cloud computing direct and indirect impacts on emissions of green house gasses but not for its systemic impacts.

23. How can SE counteract threats to the environment?- Green Software Engineering Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software… + To counteract the threats to the environment

24. Algorithmic efficiency The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the amount of computer resources required for any given computing function and there are many efficiency trade-offs in writing programs. As computers have become more numerous and the cost of hardware has declined relative to the cost of energy, the energy efficiency and environmental impact of computing systems and programs has received increased attention. Algorithms can also be used to route data to data centers where electricity is less expensive.

25. On Demand Computing By adopting this solution, companies can demand computing resources like CPU, applications bandwidth and storage on-demand basis that decrease the amount of wasted energy. Utility Computing It is a type of service that works on pay-as-per-usage basis. It provides flexible plans for computing usage and improves productivity. Through these services, firms can check their energy expenditures and bring their costs down. Service Oriented Architecture It consolidates business processes, by combining various business management services. Various firms adopt SOA to lower their costs and increase efficiency via speed and security for web applications.

26. Grid computing: • The demonstration of the under-utilization of present • computing resources acted as a strong motivating factor in favoring the intention to implement Grid computing. • It is a cost effective way to acquire computer resources. • The apps can combine geographically dispersed resources to • process a large amount of data, without consuming large amounts of energy.

27. Cloud Computing • Now that cloud computing has been defined, and hopefully its disruptive impact as potential societal changer has been highlighted, the question of how ‘Green’ cloud computing is can be addressed. • This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth. • Cloud computing potency as a Green IT initiative is often attributed to one single underlying enabling technology - that of Virtualization. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IAAS), Platform-as-a-Service (PAAS) and Software-as-a-Service (SAAS).

28. Green Data Centre • A green data centre is a repository for the storage, management, and dissemination of data in which the mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact. • The construction and operation of a green data centre includes advanced technologies and strategies. • The world of data and communications is swiftly moving in the direction of eco-friendly and greener data centers. • Eco awareness along with corporate being held accountable has made it more than need pay attention to such initiatives like • Design must be simple. • Design must be scalable. • Design must be modular. • Design must be flexible.

29. Blackle Search Engine Blackle is a search-engine site powered by Google Search. Blackle came into being based on the concept that when a computer screen is white, presenting an empty word page or the Google home page, your computer consumes 74W. When the screen is black it consumes only 59W. Based on this theory if everyone switched from Google to Blackle, mother earth would save 750MW each year. This was a really good implementation of Green Computing.

30. Thin Client Pilot The thin client computer architecture relies on the network to be the computer. The root of the system is the server, which provides all of the processing power and storage. Each user needs only a monitor/terminal (a thin client). •In addition to the business benefits, this system can reduce the overall environmental footprint of a desktop by as much as 75% (Source: Sun Microsystems: Sustainable Computing).

31. Zonbu Computer: Zonbu is a new, very energy efficient PC. The Zonbu consumes just one third of the power of a typical light bulb. The device runs the Linux operating system using a1.2 gigahertz processor and 512 meg of RAM. It also contains no moving parts, and does even contain a fan.

32. Challenges • The major problem was educating the stakeholders regarding the environmental impact of computers. • Also, one drawback with the Green project is that one cannot demonstrate immediate results. • Also, it involved studies to prove that the present infrastructure had inefficiencies and that the environmental impact of computers was potential. • Again replacement of heavy and costly devices like printers and processors. Hence, an effective method of replacement and environmental friendly disposal of such systems had to be worked upon.

33. Going Awareness in Education A study by Sendall (2010) identified a surprising “lack” of green IT/IS/computing and/or sustainability curriculum initiatives in institutions of higher education. Computer science departments can lead by example to encourage students and faculty to learn more about Green Computing. By instituting one or more green practice or policy for labs, classes or offices, students and faculty will gain practical experience and knowledge. The result may be that some students and faculty will decide to pursue further learning about or application of Green Computing in their classes or research labs.

34. So … Now Green computing is the absolute requirement to take care of environment and save energy along with operational expenses in today's increasingly competitive world. The focus of computation has shifted to efficient power consumption, less computations by improving Algorithmic efficiency and alternative energy sources.

35. Conclusion The beauty of pursuing a green IT/computing strategy is its multifaceted benefits. Green computing is not about going out and designing biodegradable packaging for products. Now the time came to think about the efficiently use of computers and the resources which are non renewable. It opens a new window for the new entrepreneur for harvesting with E-waste material and scrap computers.

36. Contd.. Consolidating the data center, purchasing more energy-efficient equipment and deploying applications such as video conferencing and document management improve worker productivity, cut energy consumption and help save money while protecting the environment. Combine all the benefits, and ultimately, they all help government serve its citizens better. There’s no question that going green is trendy these days. But, for local, state and government IT leaders, it’s also smart and it provides real return on investment.

37. Thank you for your attention !!! Change is the only constant thing in this world. Power Flower PC is a complete computer that was listed in the top five final entries at the Design Regeneration competition.