The Social Costs of Pornography:

1. The Social CostsofPornography: The Pornified Life

2. Mary Anne Layden, Ph D Director Sexual Trauma and Psychopathology Program Center for Cognitive Therapy University of Pennsylvania layden@mail.med.upenn.edu

3. Factors Affecting Learning • Pictures are compact carriers of meaning. • Learning is deeper if we are rewarded for behavior. The orgasm is very rewarding. • Learning is deeper if we have role models who are rewarded for behaviors. This increases permission-giving beliefs.

4. Factors Affecting Learning • Learning is deeper in the presence of arousal. • Antisocial behaviors are learned and expressed more if we are anonymous.

5. Perfect Learning Environment Pornography Especially Internet Pornography

6. Internet Factors • Free • Available everywhere • Available all the time • Children know better how to use computers than parents

7. Psychologist’s call Internet Pornography the new Crack Cocaine

8. Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs • Pornography produces Permission-Giving Beliefs • Permission-Giving Beliefs are beliefs that say what I am doing is normal, doesn’t hurt anyone, and everyone is doing it, etc. • Therefore, I don’t need to change my behavior. • Those who have a problem with my behavior are wrong, crazy, prudish.

9. Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs Permission-Giving Beliefs may include beliefs • About behaviors that are pathological or illegal   • That are toxic to relationships • That are mis-education about sex, relationships and self-esteem • That support sexual entitlement

10. Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs Examples • Sex is a consumer commodity which you can sell, buy or steal. • Sex is a male entitlement. • Women’s bodies are just sexual entertainment for men.

11. Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs Examples • All men go to prostitutes • All people want sex with all people all the time. • Women enjoy being raped • Women enjoy degrading sex • Children enjoy sex with adults

12. Pornified Mis-education about Sex • Sex is not about intimacy, caring, love or respect • Sex is not about marriage or having children • Sex is recreation. • You don’t need to know your partner. • Sex with strangers is the best and most intense kind of sex

13. Pornified Mis-education about Sex • Sex has no negatives like sexually transmitted disease, unwanted pregnancies, psychological or moral impacts. • Female sexuality doesn’t match reality. • Women are sexually insatiable and indiscriminate • Male sexuality is viciously narcissistic, predatory and out of control.

14. Pornified Mis-education about Sex • Sex is adversarial • Pornography is a one-way street with focus only on one's own pleasure. There is no need to consider the others needs or feelings.

15. Pornified Mis-education about Sex • Internet Pornography tends to be designer sex.  You keep clicking until you find the idealized image or the preferred image of the moment.  Expecting perfect and arrangable (“clickable”) body types is unrealistic and leads to dissatisfaction in real relationships.

16. Pornified Mis-education about Sex • Pornography includes performers who never say no and never reject sexual advances. • This can • Increase unrealistic expectations about others • Increase frustration with others who do say no • reduce the awareness and skill of noticing the unwillingness of partners

17. Pornified Mis-education about Sex • A certain amount of pornography is pathological involving • violence • animals • children • rape 

18. Pornified Thinking

19. What pornified men think • That women enjoy rape • That she “got what she wanted” when she was raped • That women make false accusations of rape • More acceptance of the rape myth • That rapists deserve less time in prison

20. Male Incarceration Recommendation for Rape (3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

21. What pornified men think • They have more sexually callous beliefs • They have an adversarial view of sex

22. What pornified men think They have increased estimates of how often others: • group sex • sex with animals • sex with violence

23. Projections of Sexual Behaviors(percent 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

24. Projections of Sexual Behaviors(percent 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

25. Projections of Sexual Behaviors(percent 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

26. What pornified men think • They are more accepting of violence against women • They use more sexual terms to describe women • They see women as sex objects • They have reduced support for the women’s liberation movement

27. Male Support for the Female Liberation Movement(percentage 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

28. What pornified men think • They rate their partners as less attractive • They are less satisfied with their partner’s sexual performance

29. What pornified men think • They have a greater desire for sex without emotional involvement • They have a greater acceptance of sex outside of marriage for married individuals • They have a greater acceptance of sex before marriage • They are less child centered during marriage • They are less desiring of female children

30. What pornified men think • They are more willing to have sex with 13-14 year olds • They are more sexually attracted to children • They are less likely to think pornography needs to be restricted from children

31. Evaluation of Pornography and Recommendation for Accessibility(percentage 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

32. Evaluation of Pornography and Recommendation for Accessibility(Percentage 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

33. Evaluation of Pornography and Recommendation for Accessibility(percentage 3 weeks after exposure to pornography)

34. Pornified Behavior

35. How pornified men behave • They use violent sexual fantasies to get themselves aroused • They are more likely to sexually harass women

36. How pornified men behave • They engage in date rape • They engage in stranger rape • They engage in marital rape

37. How pornified men behave • They verbally coerce sex • They physically coerce sex • They use drugs and alcohol to coerce sex

38. How pornified men behave • They have more sex partners • They are less attracted to their partners • They are less interested in actual sex with their partners • They try to get their partners to act out scenes from pornographic films

39. How pornified men behave • They have affairs if they are married • They go to prostitutes

40. Watched a Pornographic Movie in the Last YearMonto, 1999

41. Sexual Exploitation IndustrySaw a pornographic magazine last year

42. How pornified men behave Almost 25% of these 19-21 year old males said that they had either gone to a prostitute already or planned to in the future.

43. How pornified men behave More prostitution use is related to more pornography use

44. Sexual Exploitation Industry

45. How pornified men behave More prostitution use is related to more frequent non consensual sex

46. Sexual Exploitation Industry

47. How pornified men behave The more pornography they used the more they were willing to engage in unusual sex practices such as sadomasochism, if they thought they would not get caught

48. How pornified men behave Prostitution Myths Victimless crime Consenting adults A job just like any other They do it because they like sex

49. Portrait of Exploitation

50. Portrait of Exploitation