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National costumes. TRANSILVANIA. Romania is one of the few countries in the world where, in 2000, some people in villages are still wearing traditional costumes on weekdays, not only during certain holidays. Romania distinguishes itself through an extraordinary variety of wonderful costumes.
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TRANSILVANIA Romania is one of the few countries in the world where, in 2000, some people in villages are still wearing traditional costumes on weekdays, not only during certain holidays. Romania distinguishes itself through an extraordinary variety of wonderful costumes.
HARTIBACIU On the whole, Romanian folk costumes can be divided into seven folkloric regions. Romanian folk costumes can be divided into ethnographic zones, their numbers ranging between 40 and 120, depending on the person who is making the classification and the criteria used.
TARA LOVISTEI Romanian port has the same general features resemblance throughout the country, with differences in details of course, with changes of shape, cut, or only by the use of combing and ornaments. It has as the essential feature, unity through variety, different costumes being characteristic to specific regions and areas.
SIBIU The history of the Romanian folkloric port The Romanian Folk finds its roots in our ancestors’ port the Thracians and Dacians and it resembles to that of the peoples in the Balkan Peninsula, of course with differences consisting in decorative details and colors. Throughout history, the structure and evolution of the Romanian folk costume has kept unchanged its key features. From the artistic achievements made with raw material produced in peasant households, Romanian folk has evolved over the centuries, proving a rich craftsmanship of the Romanian peasants, both in decorating fabrics and embroidery, and also in obtaining vegetable
MOLDOVA BACĂU The variety of the folkloric port Thus, depending on the occasion, the costume could be simpler, starting from the one used during agricultural work, to the most beautiful ornate, one used at the wedding. The difference in the costumes is also reflected in age groups, so the children’s, although the type of clothing is the same, it has some differences. For example, the difference lies in changing women’s head decoration, which differs when comparing the unmarried daughter to the married woman
BOTOSANI The female folkloric costume In general, the female costume is composed of: shirt, hem and the part which is covering the part from the waist down which differs from one region to another. It has different names depending on its shape and the area, it can be "catrinta", "valnita", "fota", "opreg".These pieces are woven from wool, with simpler or more complicated ornamentation depending on the geographical area. The shirts have the same ornamental parts, with some chromatic and ornamentals differences. O completion to the women’s port is the great variety of the female ‘head ornamentation’ which differs from one area to another, even from village to village, depending on the value of this finery beauty fabrics and embroidery or other ornaments for this purpose. They consist of: head dress, wimple, ‘cepse’ or wreath. Other parts of the women’s costume are belts and ‘betelele’ which show outstanding artistic achievements. Characteristic to the female costume of all regions consist in using as background, of the white color, the of flax, hemp and wool fabrics.
IAŞI The male folkloric costume The male costume is simpler, consisting of a long shirt in the south and east of the country and a shorter one in the north and west, and the pants are long and skinny in the south and east and in the north and west of the country they are shorter and wider. They are made of canvas or homespun cloth. Over the shirt, men put a belt or girdle homespun or a ‘chimir’ made of skin, depending on the region and occupation. During the winter, over the clothes described above it is worn thick clothes, beautifully decorated, and leather coats and vests.
VRANCEA The ornamentation of the Romanian costumes The main element in the ornamenting the Romanian costume consisted in the decoration way, both as that placement and the composition of the motifs, which are placed in specific areas. In general, the ornamentation of the costumes is geometric, styling the natural forms of inspiration, such as birds, flowers, animals. Specific to the Romanian costume is the chromatic element, characterized by sobriety and balance in the use of color in their harmoniously combination, resulting in obtaining tasteful and artistic refinement of color effects. The base colors are: black, red, dark brown, blue, green and purple.
MARAMUREŞ OAŞ For Romania is the origin of one of the oldest civilizations of classical European antiquity, the Thracian-Dacian heiress, in turn, has six millennia of agrarian civilization of the Neolithic and Bronze Age. The Carpathian-Danubian-Pontical space preserved the remains of the most important historical, linguistic and ethnographic Eastern Romanism relicts. The similarity of the popular costume worn today to the one worn by the Dacian ancestors generations ago, represented the monuments of classical antiquity, of which the most famous are The Trajan's Column in Rome and The Trophaeum Trajani from Adamclisi in Dobrogea, proves millennial persistence of costumes, which appear nowadays into an evolved form.
BANAT The positive function of the emptiness, of the field, that rhythmic factor through this relaxed way, the Romanian folk art is an island in the East European spirit ... the spirit of the measure. "The vivid colors are never harsh and gloomy colors are never dull. The gold and silver threads inserted into fabric, the "altiţele" and the "rivers" sewn with silk, gold sequins and silk ‘maramele’ give the females’ costumes from these areas a special elegance and fluffiness. And the Banatean’ costume, in the western part of the country, changed its style under the influence of the Baroque decor, enriching the original fund without altering it. Embodiments with golden thread
Oltenia Women's Costumes Folk female costume is distinguished from the male’s costume. What are the parts that form these two suits, with their specific names? The folk costume for feast in Oltenia, worn by women, consists of a dress, a blouse (“ie”) with hem, which may be integral or not; two skirts, like an apron (named “zăvelci” or “boşcelele”), placed one in front and the other behind, then the veil for covering the head, different ways of being bound, depending on age and social condition. The blouse is sewn with red embroidery (named “altiţă”). The foot of the skirt has “şabac” - ornamental holes made in cloth – and it is also beautifully sewn with red, it is adorned with sequins, but much less than in other regions of the country, where the suit can be full of beads. • From the point of view of the structure, we find two types of blouses in Oltenia: the one unwrinkled and the one with wrinkled collar. We insist on the latter category whereas in this region, it reaches the heights of creation techniques. Its name comes from wrinkling braid (front and rear) and the upper sleeve wrinkle. Decorative compositions made with tinsel wires with metal or beads multicolored butterflies are arranged on the collar, chest, back, hem, sleeves - the latter present embroidery, wrinkled, with lines or compact seams, distributed throughout surface, without free spaces, with predominant geometric shapes. The pieces of cloth are connected by small keys or wrinkles (“făgurel”) - latest for the space under the collar and the sleeve bent. • The aprons belong to the first category, being worn in pairs (one in front, one in back) having or not equal size. The ornaments on these aprons are usually disposed either vertically or horizontally.
Oltenia Men's Costumes Romanian folk costume represents eternity and an ethnic individuality. Men's costumes from Oltenia are simpler than female without many differences from region to region. They consist of: • shirt (long as a dress) - is made of woven cloth. The hem has embroidery made of white “macramé” (cotton yarn) and flowers of different colors sewn with the needle. • belt - is made of woven wool. It is warn around the waist (it is red, blue, white, orange, green) • pants – for summer they were made of hemp, flax, cotton, for winter they were made of wool four-wire braided, known as “dimie” (or abá, cloth). • coat - is made from sheepskin. On the edges are flowers of different colors sewn with the needle. • The traditional costume is indeed a living document that tells, in a word, the think about the world and life of the community it represents. Regarding the traditional costumes from Oltenia you can distinguish a north-south variation arrangement. So, those in the plain region have suffered the strongest Balkan influences, which are found in phytomorphic and zoomorphic motifs, with gold thread used generously; in the mountains geometrical, traditional motifs predominate. Overall, it gives a certain touch of sobriety, archaism that characterizes the northern costumes, in contrast to the plain region, which presented a lot of decorative forms.
Lucia Banu Andreea Stancu
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This presentation reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
