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WATER SERVICES FORUM WATER QUALITY

Explore microorganisms, waterborne diseases, legislation, process indicators, and water testing purposes. Learn how microbiology impacts drinking water quality.

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WATER SERVICES FORUM WATER QUALITY

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  1. WATER SERVICES FORUMWATER QUALITY Title of Presentation: The significance of microbiology in the drinking water industry Presenter: Monique Grundlingh, Senior Scientist, Rand Water Analytical Services Date: 17 April 2019

  2. Presentation overview • What are micro-organisms? • Waterborne diseases • Legislation • What are process indicators? • Purpose of testing water • Concluding remarks

  3. WHAT ARE MICROORGANISMS? • Microorganisms can be defined as: • Small living organisms that is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen under a microscope. • Viruses:Acellular organismthat can only replicate(multiply) within the living cells of a host. • Bacteria: A single celled organism that has no nucleus. • Protozoa:A single celled organismthat has a nucleus containing the genetic material. The sizes can vary from microscopic to macroscopic

  4. WHAT ARE MICROORGANISMS?

  5. Waterborne diseases • Waterborne diseases are caused by enteric pathogens • Excreted in faecesof infected individuals • Transmitted by faecal-oral route • Water source contaminated or not treated properly • Ingested by contaminated water or food • Waterborne infection affects the intestinal tract • Pathogenic bacteria transmitted by water causes gastroenteritis (an acute inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract)

  6. Waterborne diseases • Cryptosporidium parvum/ hominis causes severe self-limiting gasstroenteritis in healthy individuals • Immunocompromised individuals will not recover from illness • Giardia lambliacauses severe gastroenteritis

  7. Waterborne diseases • ENTERIC PATHOGENS TRANSMITTED BY WATER

  8. Legislation

  9. Legislation • SANS 241-1:2015 definitions: • HPC- as count of the total number of visible colonies produced by micro-organisms in a water sample that grow on agar containing a complex organic carbon source under conditions of incubation specified for various purposes • E coli- faecal (thermotolerant) coliform bacteria that ferment lactose or mannitol with the production of both acid and gas, that produce indole from tryptophan, and that hydrolyse 4-methylumbelliferyl-b-Dglucuronide (MUG), all at 44 °C.

  10. Legislation • SANS 241-1:2015 definitions: • TC- a group of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative, non-spore-forming oxidase-negative bacteria that ferment lactose by β-galactosidase activity and that typically inhabit the large intestine of man and animals. • Protozoan parasites-(Cryptosporidiumand Giardia)species: Unicellular eukaryotic animal that infects specific hosts including humans as part of its life cycle.

  11. Legislation • SANS 241-1:2015 definitions: • Somatic Coliphages-a bacterial virus that is capable of infecting selected E. coli and related host strains by attachment to the bacterial cell wall as the first step of the infection process. Somatic coliphages produce visible plaques (clearance zones) in a confluent lawn of host bacteria grown under appropriate culture conditions.

  12. What are process indicators? • Process/Operational indicators: Give an indication how good the system is functioning (Efficacy of the process), for example the drinking water treatment process • Faecal indicators: Give an indication if faecal contamination (waste) is present for example in surface water or treated drinking water.

  13. Purpose of testing

  14. Conclusion • Good quality drinking water should be: • Free of potentially harmful organisms. • No enteric pathogens present.

  15. Thank you

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