George Washington

1. George Washington Presidential Groups

2. What does this document tell us?

3. Qualities to be ranked at the top! • Individual Leadership Characteristics • Public Persuasion • Crisis Leadership • Economic Management • Moral Authority • International Relations • Administrative Skills • Relations with Congress • Vision/Setting An Agenda • Pursued Equal Justice For All • Performance Within Context of Times

4. Aim: Should Washington be considered a “great” President? Vocab Precedent 2 terms in office Neutrality Assumption (take on all state war debt) Whiskey Rebellion Federal Supremacy of Law Appellate – courts of review of trial court/lower court cases, decided based on Constitutional issues or procedural issues in the case. Essential Questions: • What criteria should we use to evaluate the President? • Was Washington a great president? Provide evidence. Which factors did you take into account when considering your rating?

5. TEAM INSTRUCTIONS • Every team member will receive one portfolio worksheet to fill out. • The Team Leader should distribute documents (one per person as they see fit). • Read your assigned document. • Use the information to fill in portfolio worksheet and check off appropriate characteristic (5 minutes – Team Leader must keep team on task). • Share information with group so everyone can fill in their portfolios worksheets with team’s entries. • Watch film to add more important information. • As a team, decide on a rating – SEE STAR RATINGS.

7. Document of the Day • Title • Author/SpeakerDate • Audience/Suspected Audience: • Theme(s): goal/big picture  • Three Main Points/Summarize • Three Questions you have about the document/circumstances surrounding it/consequences of it/etc.

8. John Adams

9. President Adams Historians have difficulty assessing John Adams's presidency. On the one hand, his aloofness and refusal to enter directly into political conflict probably undermined his effectiveness... His stubborn independence left him politically isolated and alone. Even his own cabinet opposed his policies much of the time…. On the other hand, most historians agree that Adams was correct in not expanding the naval war with France into an all-out conflict. Another protracted war… might have been fatal for the nascent American union. Historians concur that Adams nearly won the election of 1800 and that history might have judged him differently had he completed a second term. Adams has been justifiably [criticized] for having signed the Alien and Sedition Acts, although it is important to note that he neither openly advocated their passage nor personally implemented them. Moreover, when faced with populist defiance, he ignored Hamilton's call for a strong show of federal force and even pardoned the leaders. Seen in this light, Adams's legacy is one of reason, moral leadership, the rule of law, compassion, and a cautious but active foreign policy that aimed both at securing the national interest and achieving an honorable peace.--Miller Center, University of Virginia

10. Motivation: • According to the historian, what did Adams do right? • How do Adams’ characteristics stack-up in the C-Span leadership qualities checklist?

11. Aim: Should we consider Adams a “great” President? Vocab XYZ Affair Quasi-War (false/almost war!) Treaty of Mortefontaine Hawks – those who call for war Alien and Sedition Acts French Revolution 1789-1799 (Declaration of the Rts. of Man…perversion of Enlightenment) (French Revolution taken over by extremists - Reign of Terror/Robespierre 1793-1794; Napoleonic Wars start after 1799, overthrow of Directory in 1799) Prussia and Austria – might attack France so they declared war (war continues into Directory) and it gives Napoleon the opportunity to seize power; nobles still around in France – so wipe out those who were against the revolution = Reign of Terror. Essential Questions: • Is the time period defining the President of is the President defining the time period? • Can we argue that Adams’ legacy was greater than he has gotten credit for? Give reasoning/evidence. • How can we compare Washington to Adams?

12. Qualities to be ranked at the top! • Individual Leadership Characteristics • Public Persuasion • Crisis Leadership • Economic Management • Moral Authority • International Relations • Administrative Skills • Relations with Congress • Vision/Setting An Agenda • Pursued Equal Justice For All • Performance Within Context of Times

13. TEAM INSTRUCTIONS • Every team member will receive one portfolio worksheet to fill out. • The Team Leader should distribute documents (one per person as they see fit). • Read your assigned document. • Use the information to fill in portfolio worksheet and check off appropriate characteristic (5 minutes – Team Leader must keep team on task). • Share information with group so everyone can fill in their portfolios worksheets with team’s entries. • Watch film to add more important information. • As a team, decide on a rating – SEE STAR RATINGS.

14. Do you agree or disagree? Just 45 days after 9/11, President and Congress passed the PATRIOT ACT. Without a warrant, the FBI now has the power to access your most private medical records, library records, student records, and can prevent telling you that they did this. It allows the government to scan emails for dangerous words, and it allows the government the power to deport anyone who associates with terrorist, even if you don’t know the person is a terrorist. The government can arrest someone without tell them why.

15. Do you agree or disagree? In the state of Arizona, the governor signed a law that requires everyone to carry their passport or green card around (these are papers that prove you are allowed to live in America). This law also closed down classes at the college that taught about Hispanic cultures. Arizona says that because Arizona is so close to the Mexican border, it wants to make sure no illegal immigrants sneak in because sometimes these immigrants bring in drugs or can be terrorists. Arizona says the have this law so they can protest America’s national security.

17. Did Adams’ Presidency mark an abuse of Presidential power feared by Anti-Federalists? Could there be justification for the suppression of public opinion during times of crisis?

18. Why did Adams refuse the advice of his cabinet and make decisions in an isolated manner?

19. JEFFERSON!!!

21. “Revolution of 1800” • There was a peaceful transition of power from one party to another. (Federalists to Anti-Federalists/Jeffersonians) • First time there is a change in political ideology in the White House and Congress • First transfer of power by an incumbent

22. Motivation: Based on the Election of 1800, and your HW, what challenges will Jefferson face in his terms of office?

23. JEFFERSON! Aim: Should we consider Jefferson a “great” President? Vocab Louisiana Purchase 12th Amendment – electoral college Lewis and Clarke set up and Senate chooses VP War over trade routes Embargo Act of 1807 Essential Questions: • Was Jefferson a great president? Provide evidence. Which factors did you take into account when considering your rating? • How did Jefferson expand the powers of the president?

24. Why is Jefferson so highly ranked?

27. Hmmm… 23 million dollars…..?

28. Effects of Louisiana Purchase: • Doubles the size of the US • Added all or part of 13 future states • Removed French threat • Promotes a sense of national identity* • Possible extension of slavery to southern planters • Take over more Native American land

29. How did Jefferson’s Presidency – 1801-1809expand the powers of the President and the country? Louisiana Purchase  Jefferson has to go against his political principles and go around the Constitution to authorize the deal. Sacrifices principle of strict Constitutional reading for national advantage. ELASTIC CLAUSE: A part of the Constitution that says the federal government (specifically Congress) can do whatever is “necessary and proper” at times to accommodate the needs of the nation.

34. Madison War of 1812

35. President James Madison Why would Madison be Ranked as middle range? Overall Ranking: 20th Sub-Categories: • Crisis Leadership – 22nd rank • Economic Management – 18th rank • International Relations – 31st rank

36. Aim: Should the United States (and Madison) have gone to war in 1812? Vocab Cause and Effect Essential Questions: • Did Madison make the right decision to go to war? • Will this change the way America is viewed?

37. Cause and Effect A cause is something that makes something else happen (a catalyst). Out of two events, it is the event that happens first. To determine the cause, ask the question "Why did it happen?" An effect is what happens as a result of the cause. Of two related events, it’s the one that happens second or last.  To determine the effect, ask the question "What happened?"

38. Team Instructions • Review the format to the portfolio sheet – it is slightly different • As a team, look over all entries given. • Place each entry in its appropriate column (Causes and Effects) • After your “Cause and Effect” chart is complete and correct, start to discuss two pivotal questions: 1) Should the United States have gone to war with Great Britain in 1812? and 2) Was the war worth it? • We will then watch a few minutes of the of the documentary series “The Presidents” to complete your portfolio worksheet.

39. Understanding Cause and Effect “Doc. Of Day!” – Acts Imposed by U.S. (pre-1812)

40. Monroe Era of Good Feelings!

41. Obama makes history, hails new eraHistory-making President Obama absorbs the wonder of the moment and hails a new era of hope, saying 'the time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit'January 20, 2009|By Carla Marinucci, Chronicle Staff Writer Barack Hussein Obama was sworn in today as the nation's 44th president - and the first African American ever to hold the office - then asked Americans to choose "hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord" as they confront a devastated economy at home and challenges abroad. "What is required of us is a new era of responsibility - a recognition on the part of every American that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world," Obama told a throng estimated at more than 1 million people on the National Mall in Washington and tens of millions more watching on television. "The challenges we face are real," Obama said. "They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily, or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met." And he urged Americans to forge a new era of unity. "On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas that for far too long have strangled our politics," Obama said. "The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit, to choose our better history, to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.” MOTIVATION

42. What was the tone of Obama’s first inaugural address? • What did people expect from Obama, based on the speech and campaign promises? • Has Obama lived up to expectations? Why or why not? • Are some differences in the nation too big to overcome? • Obama was elected in the spirit of hope. James Monroe also came to the presidency in an “era of good feelings.” What question can we ask about Monroe?

43. Aim: Was Monroe’s presidency truly an “era of good feeling?” Vocab “Era of Good Feelings” Adams-Onis (Transcontinental) Treaty – defines US-Mexico border relations. John Quincy Adams Monroe Doctrine The Missouri Compromise (1820) Essential Questions: • Did the U.S. have the right to intervene in the Western hemisphere? • How did Monroe’s presidency benefit from the relative national unity of the time?