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Handling and knowledge about high purity gases and gas mixtures

Handling and knowledge about high purity gases and gas mixtures. Melina van Meer, AGA Gas AB , Segment Specialty Gas. Agenda. AGA Gas AB Laws, regulations and rules Gases Risks Handling Storage of gas cylinders Colour marking of gas cylinders Gas equipment Training Summary.

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Handling and knowledge about high purity gases and gas mixtures

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  1. Handling and knowledgeabout high purity gases and gas mixtures Melina van Meer, AGA Gas AB, Segment Specialty Gas

  2. Agenda AGA Gas AB Laws, regulations and rules Gases Risks Handling Storage of gas cylinders Colour marking of gas cylinders Gas equipment Training Summary

  3. AGA Gas AB

  4. AGA Gas AB • AB Gasackumulator was founded 1904 with 16 employees in Saltsjö-Järla

  5. ”Solve the problems of customers. Give them the opportunity to increase profitability, safety and quality in their operations. Help them to introduce new, better technology.” GUSTAF DALÈN, President of AGA 1909-1937

  6. AGA Gas AB – part of The Linde Group • 50.000 employees in more than 100 countries • Turnover 2011 – 100 billion SEK AGA, Linde och BOC

  7. The Linde Group Today Result of world´s biggest gas fusion­ Merging of Linde Gas, AGA and BOC with three principal operations: Industry Gases Engineering Healthcare Page 7

  8. Industry Gases are our main focus • Nitrogen • Oxygen • Argon • Inert Gases (Kr, Ne, Xe) Air Gases • Acetylene • Helium • Propane • Carbon dioxide & -monoxide • Hydrogen • Refigerants Other Gases • Methane • HiQ High Purity Gases • HiQ Specialty Mixtures Specialty Gases • MedicalOxygen • Nitrous oxide • NO-mixtures MedicalGases • Temperatures: from -269 oC up to +3.500 oC • Pressure: from 0 to 300 bar • Purity: up to 99,99999% Working Areas

  9. Laws, regulations and rules

  10. Swedish legislation Laws, Parliament EU-directive Regulations, Government Rules, Authorities Standards, not law

  11. Requirements of employer and users Lag om skydd mot olyckor – Law about protection against accidents Arbetsmiljölagen – Law about working environment Lag om brandfarliga och explosiva varor – Law about flammables and explosives Kemiska arbetsmiljörisker (AFS 2011:19) – Risks in chemical work environment Gaser (AFS 1997:7) – Gases Gasflaskor (AFS 2001:4) – Gas cylinders Användning av tryckbärande anordningar (AFS 2002:1) – Use of pressurised devices Brandfarlig gas i lös behållare (SÄIFS 1998:7) – Flammable gas in a cylinder Arbete i explosionsfarlig miljö (AFS 2003:3) – Working in explosive environment Explosionsfarlig miljö vid hantering av brandfarliga gaser och vätskor (SRVFS 2004:7) – Handling of explosive gases and liquids in an explosive environment

  12. Regulations of Swedish Work Environment Authority AFS 1997:7 • 1 § These regulations applies to all operations using gas. • 3 § In all operations where gas is used a risk assessment needs to be done. Any change in process, equipment or operating conditions -> new risk assessment needs to be done. • 4 § Working with gas can only be managed or performed by a person with enough knowledge about the gas, about the risks when using gases and how to avoid these risks.

  13. Responsibilty of Gas Superintendent • Gas storage room locked and not accessible for unauthorized persons • Always a person attending at unloading/loading of gas deliveries • Safety signs according to legislations where gas cylinders are stored • Combustible gases (i e acetylen, LPG) should not be stored together with combustion supporting gases (i e oxygen, nitrous oxide), this also includes empty cylinder • Store cylinders vertically and securely to prevent them from toppling • Make sure that protection hood stays on cylinder • Inside and outside of gas storage room is clean • That staff are using safety shoes and clothes when working with gas • That handling of gases are according to regulations

  14. Who appoints gas superintendent • A person who is in charge of flammable products • A signatory • A suitable gas superintendent: • Working in the daily operations • Has knowledge and experience of working with gas

  15. Risk Assessment Documented (Best before date 2004) Should be the basis of: Actions Program for continuos inspections Register of gases and how dangerous they are Information about possible risks Competence of staff working with gases Routines and instructions for working with gases Design of working area Storage/Handling Warning signs Documentation of explosive protection Plan of emergency

  16. Risk Assessment

  17. Risk Assessment Matrix High risk Midddle risk Low risk

  18. Consequenses When not following the legislation… Compensation from insurance company is based on legal requirements.

  19. Risk- and safety services Give a status of your gas system Show the way to a safety gas system Safety Engineers at AGA Gas AB: Jan Fransson Magnus Olsson

  20. Services Legal Requirements Risk assessment Voluntarily Safety Review Flow chart List of components Documentation of explosion protection Counseling Plan of classification C1, C2 Documentation

  21. Gases

  22. Content of the air that we breathe % Nitrogen 78,09 Oxygen 20,95 Argon 0,93 Sum about 100 ppb Hydrogen 500 Nitrous gas 280 Carbon monoxide 60-240 Xenon 90 Ozon 25-45 Acetylene 10 Formaldehyde 10 Ammonia 2-20 Hydrogen sulfide 2-20 Sulfur dioxide 0-20 Hydrogen fluoride 1-18 Ethylene 3 Nitrogen oxide 1-4 Chlorine ca 1 ppt R12 ca 200 R11 ca 200 R22 70 Iodine 4-40 ppm Carbon dioxide 340 Neon 15 Helium 5 Krypton 1,1 Methane 1-2

  23. Air separation unit – Oxygen • Nitrogen • Argon 7 3 1 4 2 8 8 9 • Filter • Compressor • Cleaning/purification • Cooling • Expansion • Separation • Argon • Nitrogen • Oxygen • Pump • Evaporator 7 6 5 10 11

  24. Permanent gases • Oxygen O2 -183 °C • Argon Ar -186 °C • Nitrogen N2 -196 °C Hydrogen H2 -253 °C Helium He -269 °C

  25. How much gas in a cylinder? • 200 bar50 litres Atmospheric pressure 10 000 litres = 10 m3 200 x 50 = 10 000 litres = 10 m3

  26. Condensed gases is liquid in the cylinder • LPG • 95% Propane C3H8 - 42 °C • 5% Butane C4H10 ± 0 °C • Carbon dioxide CO2 - 78 °C • Nitrous oxide N2O - 88 °C

  27. Liquid gases = Cryogenic gases • Kryos is from greek language, meaning very cold

  28. Liquid gas • 1 litre of liquid gas -> 500-800 litres of gas in gas phase

  29. Absorbed gas • Acetylene is a special case • Acetylene C2H2 - 84 °C • Can not be stored in high pressure due to risk of spontaneously decay: • Porous mass • Acetone • Acetylene solved (absorbed) in acetone

  30. Light and heavy gases Hydrogen 0,07 Helium 0,14 Acetylene 0,91 Nitrogen 0,97 Air 1,0 Oxygen 1,11 Argon 1,38 Carbon dioxide 1,53 LPG (propane) 1,56

  31. Gas cylinders Oxygen + other air gases Acetylene LPG Gas Phase of the gas Pressure of gas (bar) Temp risk for bursting valve Excess pressure protection Weight gas compare to air Carbon dioxide Dissolved in acetone in a porous mass 17 100 °C No Somewhatlighter Liquid 50 100 °C Bursting disc Heavier Liquid 7 100 °C Safety valve Heavier Gas 200 350 °C No Somewhat heavier

  32. Risks with gases

  33. Permanent Condensed Absorbed Risks with gases Combustion supporting gas Combustible Inert/asphyxiating Oxygen O2 Nitrogen N2 Argon Ar Helium He Hydrogen H2 Carbon dioxide CO2 Nitrous gas N2O LPG C3H8 Acetylene C2H2

  34. Risks with with gases • High pressure • Inert/asphyxiating gas • Fire and explosion • Poisonous gas • Low temperature

  35. KVÄVNINGSRISK Asphyxiating – Invisible danger • Most accidents with asphyxia happends because rules have not been followed. • Typical causes could be: • Deviated from current working environment rules. • Training and control of work not sufficient. • Defiencies in supervision team. AFS 1997:7 6 § In working area the ventilation should be good enough that oxygen content normally is not less than 20%. When oxygen content in a working area is below 18% breathing apparatus should be used.

  36. Risks when oxygen content decreases 21 % 15 % 13 % 10 %

  37. Poisonous gases LD50 0,5 - 2 mg gas / litre air Ammonia Arsenic pentafluoride Bromine chloride Dicyan Dichlorinesilane 1,1-Dichlorine difluoroethylene Disilane Ethylene oxide Formaldehyde Phosphor penta- Germanium tetrahydrideCarbonylsulfide fluoride Silicon tetra fluoride Chlorine Chlorine trifluoride Carbon monoxide Methylbromide MethylchlorinesilanNitrosyl chloride Perchlorylfluoride Selenium hexa- Selenium hydrogen Sulfuryldifluorid fluoride Sulfur dioxide Sulphur tetra fluorideSulfur trioxide Tellurhexafluoride Trifluoracetylklorid Hydrogen chloride

  38. Very poisonous gases Arsenic hydrogen Boron trifluoride Bor-tri-chloride Cyanogenchloride Diborane Fluorine Fluorväte Phosphine Karbonylfluorid Carbonylchloride Chlorine dioxide Chlorinepentafluoride Nitrogen dioxideNitrogen monoxide Ozone Hydrogen sulphide Syredifluorid Vinyl fluoride Volframhexafluorid Hydrogen cyanide LD50 < 0,5 mg gas / litre air

  39. Handling

  40. Handling of gas cylinders • Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) i.e. safety shoes and gloves, gas detector • Read safety data sheet • Handle cylinders gently • Protect cylinder from high temperature and mechanical impact • Store cylinders vertically and securely to prevent them from toppling • When transporting gas cylinder use a cart • Open valve carefully • Make sure that oxygen is not in contact with grease • Liquid gases always a risk of frost-bite if contact with skin – wear correct PPE

  41. Carbon dioxide – Handling dry ice • Handle and store in well-ventilatedspaces • Not stored in sealed container • Use personal protective equipment • In contact with skin –> frost-bite

  42. LPG • Pressure and liquid volume at different temperature for a filled LPG-cylinder 15 °C 7 bar 50 °C 18 bar 65 °C 24 bar

  43. LPG-bottle should always be standing Outlet Safety valve Gas Liquid 1 kg leaking LPG in liquid phase -> 525 litre gas

  44. Personal safety – liquid gases • Safety googles/Visor • Gloves • Boots • Covered working clothes What is suitable working clothes?

  45. How to treat frost-bite? • 1. Frost-bites are treated as burns • - Water! • - Do not put any bandage or similar on the wound! Can cause more damage. • If necessary go to hospital

  46. Handling of cryogenic gases Always pant legs outside boot shafts!

  47. Handling liquid gases Always pant legs outside boot shafts! What is missing? • Safety googles / visor • Gloves • Protect environment to damages • Personal gas detector What else to remember?

  48. Equipment • Use proper and approved equipment designed for cryogenic gases

  49. Combustion gas – what does the law says? • § Handling and storage should be with precaution to avoid risk for fire. • § Storage room performed in a safety way, preventing fire to occur. • § Equipment installed carefully and with competence.

  50. Actions when fire • Warn staff and evacuate the area • Call 112 • If possible with safety respect • Shut off gas cylinders, take away cylinders • Cool cylinders with water from a safe space • Mark gas cylinders that has been in a fire, contact AGA

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