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Formulation of Rice Strategy Regional cooperation on rice Roehl Briones and Ramesh Sharma

Formulation of Rice Strategy Regional cooperation on rice Roehl Briones and Ramesh Sharma 28-29 November 2013. Questions asked Where are added values from Regional Cooperation (RC)? What would be some strategic choices for countries?. Range of arrangements for cooperation.

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Formulation of Rice Strategy Regional cooperation on rice Roehl Briones and Ramesh Sharma

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  1. Formulation of Rice Strategy Regional cooperation on rice Roehl Briones and Ramesh Sharma 28-29 November 2013

  2. Questions asked Where are added values from Regional Cooperation (RC)? What would be some strategic choices for countries?

  3. Range of arrangements for cooperation Bilateral (and tri-, pluri-lateral) Regional (within REOs) Multi-REOs Global plurilateral arrangements (e.g. G20, ICBs) WTO

  4. What are some prominent areas of cooperation relevant to rice? Sharing of technology, knowledge etc Infrastructure, watersheds, connectivity (e.g. Mekong) Market information system, policy forum (e.g. AMIS) Trade Stocks/reserves

  5. List A - less divisive arrangements – relatively easier to cooperate Sharing of technology, knowledge (e.g. IRRI-NARS, and within REOs) Infrastructure, connectivity (e.g. Mekong GMS) Food safety, harmonization (e.g. within ASEAN) Information systems (e.g. ASEAN AFSIS, AMIS) Reserves for emergencies (APTERR, SARC Food Bank) Rice futures market (being discussed in ASEAN region)

  6. List B - more divisive arrangements – relatively difficult to cooperate Trade lib. (ATIGA, SAFTA) – rice sensitive; many NTBs Food reserves for calming markets (at regn. & global) Policy coordination – e.g. effective ASEAN Rice Trade Forum (& AMIS RRF) Common positions in WTO (on divisive issues) Bilateral supply/price assurance agreements 1970s - US-USSR grains; Japan-US soybeans; Japan-Australia sugar 2010s – G2G rice sales in Asia ICBs (international rice agreement, OREC in Asia)

  7. Strategic/policy choices/options on RC 1st intensify RC on non-divisive arrangements (build trust) Pursue a combination of voluntary (APEC) and legal (ASEAN) approaches , moving from V with a Code of Conduct to L eventually Establish “forums” for continued dialogues on divisive issues (e.g. ASEAN Rice Trade Forum, AMIS RRF, OECD) Deepen REOs by removing NTBs, restraint on export restrictions – Examples (next slide) Use WTO, not REO, to address most divisive issues (e.g. export restrictions, farm subsidies, STE import monopoly) Also recognize limits to RC (e.g. OREC, reserves for price risks, international stocks and ICBs for rice)

  8. Examples of regional approaches to limit supply disruptions Works best in a CU e.g. EU, also ECOWAS, EAC (there is no CU in Asia) NAFTA – no tax/restrictions allowed except under GATT XI(2a) (Mexico some exemptions) MERCOSUR – trying, yet unresolved (Argentina) APEC - principle of open access ( “a guarantee of non-discriminatory sales”)

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