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Theories of Stuttering Progression

Theories of Stuttering Progression. Three Theories 1. Bluemel 2. Bloodstein’s 4 Stages 3. Van Riper’s Tracks. Bluemel’s Theory. Primary Stuttering. Secondary Stuttering. Proposed in 1940’s Theory. AWARENESS. Characteristics .simple disturbance in speech .effortless core behaviors.

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Theories of Stuttering Progression

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  1. Theories of Stuttering Progression • Three Theories • 1. Bluemel • 2. Bloodstein’s 4 Stages • 3. Van Riper’s Tracks

  2. Bluemel’s Theory Primary Stuttering Secondary Stuttering • Proposed in 1940’s • Theory AWARENESS Characteristics .simple disturbance in speech .effortless core behaviors Secondary behaviors avoidance struggle

  3. Bloodstien’s 4 Stages • Late 60’s • 4 phases • Phase I • Preschool • Characteristics • conic (repetitions) symptoms of phase • tonic (hard contacts and prolongation's- not common • fluent periods- usually episodic • difficult situations-intensified by variable sources of communicative pressure • awareness: does not react emotionally to self as a stuttered

  4. Bloodstein, Phase II • Early Elementary School • Characteristics • clonic-repetitions • tonic-hard contacts or associated mannerisms • fluent periods-essentially chronic, may disappear briefly • difficult situations: stuteresre primarily when he talks fast and gets excited stutters equally at home and school • DISTINGUISHING characteristic • awareness:thinks of himself as a stuttered • types of words: major parts of speech • concern: little or no concern except in severe cases

  5. Bloodsrtein, Phase III • Junior High and High School • Characteristics • Clonic: fully developed stuttering with avoidance • Tonic: see above • Fluent Periods: chronic • Difficult Situations: distinctly more difficult in some situations than others and is aware of the situations • Awareness: aware and acknowledges as a person short coming • Types of Words: feared words and sounds • Emotional:: exasperation, avoidance and distrust little outward appearance of being troubled

  6. Bloodstein, Phase IV • Older • Characteristics • Clonic/Tonic: same as Phase III • Chronic • Difficult Situations: vivid and continual anticipation • Awareness: serious personal problem • Fully developed symptomatology with avoidance, postponement, starters and release devices • Definite emotional reactions: avoidance, embarrassment, fear

  7. Van Riper’s 4 Tracks • Developmental • reaction to Bloodstein’s unidimensional view • desegregate grouping • refer to handout

  8. Track I, Typical Development of Stuttering • Previously fluent • Gradual onset • cyclic • long remissions • good articulation • normal rte • syllabic repetitions • no tensions • loci: first words, function words • no awareness • no frustration

  9. Track II, Cluttering • Often late, at time of first sentences • never very fluent • gradual onset • no remissions • poor articulation fast spurts • gaps, revisions, syllable and word repetitions • no tensions • no tremors • loci: first words, long words scattered throughout sentence • variable pattern • no awareness • no frustration

  10. Track III, “Shocks and Frights” • Any age • previously fluent • sudden onset, often after trauma • steady • few short remissions • normal articulation • slow careful rate • much tension • tremors • beginning of utterance, after pauses • highly aware • much frustration

  11. Track IV, Purposeful Stuttering • Later, usually after 4 years • previously fluent • sudden onset • erratic • no remission • normal articulation • normal rate • unusual behaviors • variable tension • normal speech is very fluent • no frustration • willing to talk, no evidence of fear

  12. End of Lecture Notes

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