Understanding the Sentence Unit

1. Understanding the Sentence Unit Compound and Complex Sentences Mr. Ronzoni Little Flower Catholic High School for Girls 2012

2. Compound Sentences A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. (An independent clause has a subject and a verb, and it makes sense when standing by itself.) The clauses may be joined by a coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon. Also, use a comma before each of the coordinating conjunctions.

3. Compound Sentences You can remember the coordinating conjunctions by the acronym FANBOYS; (for – and- nor – but – or – yet – so - ; ). Simple rule: Look for two complete sentences connected by one of the coordinating conjunctions or by a semicolon. Also, the coordinating conjunction is preceded by a comma.

4. Compound Sentences Here is an example of a compound sentence: Joey lost a fortune in the stock market, but he still seems able to live quite comfortably. Here is the test for a compound sentence: 1. The sentence is compound because each clause is independent, and each can be a separate sentence: Joey lost a fortune in the stock market. He still seems able to live quite comfortably. 2. The clauses are connected by the FANBOYS; word but.

5. Compound Sentencesvs. Compound Verbs A compound sentence (CS) has two subjects and two verbs. A sentence that has a compound verb (CV) has one subject and two verbs; it is a simple sentence. Here is a compound sentence: subjectverb subject CS Marciewent to Barnes & Noble, and she verb bought a book.

6. Compound Sentencesvs. Compound Verbs Here is a simple sentence with a compound verb. It has one subject and two verbs. subject verb verb CV Marciewent to Barnes & Noble and bought a book. Simple rule: Look for the coordinating conjunction. If it is not preceded by a comma, and if there is only one subject with two verbs, it is a simple sentence with a compound verb.

7. Complex Sentences A complex sentence consists of an independent clause and a dependent clause. (A dependent clause has a subject and a verb, and it is preceded by a subordinating conjunction.) A dependent clause can never stand by itself, even though it has a subject and a verb. An independent clause may precede or follow a dependent clause.

8. Complex Sentences Here is a list of the most common subordinating conjucntions: after if though although if only till as in order that unless as if now that until as long as once when as though rather than whenever because since where before so that whereas even if than wherever even though that while

9. Complex Sentences Here are some examples of complex sentences: dependent clauseindependent clause Although it is raining,I prefer not to carry an umbrella. independent clause dependent clause I prefer not to carry an umbrella although it is raining Notice that a comma is used to separate the two clauses in a complex sentence only when the sentence begins with a dependent clause.

10. Complex Sentences Remember that a dependent clause can never stand by itself, even though it has a subject and a verb. Look at these examples of dependent clauses. Each one is a fragment: When I am tired from a long day at school. Because I missed the bus. Whenever I get bored during summer vacation. Each dependent clause must be joined to an independent clause. These are complete sentences: When I am tired from a long day at school, I take a nap on the sofa. I arrived late for school because I missed the bus. Whenever I get bored during summer vacation, I read a book.