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Spinal cord and Peripheral nervous system

Spinal cord and Peripheral nervous system. . Spinal cord - Functions. Sensory and motor pathway. Reflex arc (spinal cord). Reflex center – Sensory receptor Sensory neuron Interneuron (association neuron) Motor neuron (effector) An effector organ. Spinal Cord Anatomy.

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Spinal cord and Peripheral nervous system

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  1. Spinal cord and Peripheral nervous system \

  2. Spinal cord - Functions • Sensory and motor pathway

  3. Reflex arc (spinal cord) • Reflex center – • Sensory receptor • Sensory neuron • Interneuron (association neuron) • Motor neuron (effector) • An effector organ

  4. Spinal Cord Anatomy • Association neuron • Motor http://www.bayareapainmedical.com/wspinecrd.html • Gray Matter – “butterfly” interneurons • White Matter – myelinated

  5. Spinal cord Anatomy

  6. Spinal Cord tracts • Sensory • 1. Dorsal column 2. Spinothalamic • Ascending tracts • temperature, pressure, pain, light, touch

  7. Spinal cord tracts continued Motor tracts 1. Corticospinal • Decending • Skeletal tone, voluntary muscle movement

  8. Nerves attached to Sp. Cord • Dorsal Root Ganglia – bundle of sensory nerves • Ventral Root Ganglia – bundle of motor fibers

  9. Peripheral Nervous system

  10. Somatic Nervous System • Includes all nerves in the musculoskeletal system, sense organs • Receptor (receives impulse) to Effector (muscle fiber)

  11. Autonomic Nervous System • Motor neurons that control internal organs (involuntary) • Innervate all organs • Two divisions of

  12. Sympathetic “Fight or flight response” Inhibits digestion Pupils dilate Accelerates heart rate Increase breathing rate. Parasympathetic Normal state Promotes digestion Pupils constrict Normal heartbeat “feed and breed” Autonomic Nervous System

  13. The Eye: Photoreceptor • Lens – refraction and focusing • Iris – controls entrance of light into eye • Pupil – window into the eye • Choroid – blood vessels, absorbs stray light

  14. Eye anatomy continued • Sclera – white fiborous layer, protection • Humors – • Aqueous humor – between the cornea an lens • Viterous humor – fills large cavity, gelatinous material

  15. Eye Anatomy continued • Ciliary body – holds lens in place • Retina – contains receptors • Cones – color vision • Rods – black and white vision • Optic Nerve

  16. Rods and Cones Illustration

  17. Eye Anatomy Continued • Optic Nerve – picks up impulse • Ciliary muscles – controls the shape of the lens • Accommodation – • Additional focusing power • Near object – ciliary muscle contracts, lens becomes round

  18. Physiology of sight • Focusing – light rays bent by cornea, focus on the retina, refraction and inverted

  19. Fields of Vision Illustration Refer to Lab on eye dissection

  20. Cross section of head

  21. Normal Vision 20/20 • at a distance of 20 feet, you can read a certain line (labeled 20) on the chart and that your vision is normal. • 20/40 -

  22. Nearsightedness (myopic)Farsightedness (hyperopia)

  23. Disorders of the Eye: Glaucoma – built up pressure in the eye due to lack of aqueous humor drainage

  24. Vision of a person with Glaucoma

  25. Cataracts- clouding of the lens

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