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Nervous system : brain , spinal cord

Nervous system : brain , spinal cord. Dr. L. Kiss Anna Department of Anatomy , Histology and Developmental Biology , Semmelweis University 2019. Nervous system. Central nervous system. Peripheral nervous system. Spinal cord brain. Spinal nerves , cranial nerves , ganglions.

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Nervous system : brain , spinal cord

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  1. Nervoussystem: brain, spinalcord Dr. L. Kiss Anna Department of Anatomy, Histology and DevelopmentalBiology, Semmelweis University 2019

  2. Nervous system Centralnervoussystem Peripheralnervoussystem Spinalcordbrain Spinalnerves, cranialnerves, ganglions • Functionally: somatic (axialmuscles) • vegetatíve: (internalorgans)

  3. Reflex arch center afferens efferens efferens afferens receptor effector

  4. Functional division of the nervous system Somatic Autonomic (vegetative) • voluntary - unvoluntary • starts and stops functions - regulates the functions (slow down-speed up) • segmental - network sympatheticparasympathetic thora-columbar cranio-sacral

  5. Centralnervoussystem: Spinalcord

  6. Spinal cord: meningeal layers • Dura mater: outerlayer: endorachis innerlayer • Arachnoidlayer • Pia mater Epidural spce Subdural space Subarachnoid space

  7. MENINGES Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater: Denticulate ligament

  8. Meningeallayers of thespinalcord ganglion spinale arachnoidea filaradicularia dorsalia dura mater ligamentum denticulatum

  9. MENINGES Epidural space Subarachnoid space Denticulate ligament

  10. Discus hernia

  11. MACROSCOPY Enlargements: Cervical enlargement (C4-T1) Lumbosacral enlargement (L2-S3) Conus terminalis Cauda equina Filum terminale Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system Nerves Ganglia

  12. cauda equina

  13. Spinal cord

  14. Lumbal punction

  15. Blood supply of the spinal cord

  16. Bloddsupply of thespinalcord radicular arteries vertebral artery subclavian artery radicular arteries Aortic arch pathway of the vertebral artery

  17. Vasocoronamedullaris • Vertebralartery: • a.spinalisanterior (united) • a spinalisposterior (2) • Radiculararteries: • cervical: vertebral a. • ascending. cerv. a. • deepcerv. a. • thoracal: intercostalaa. • lumbal: lumbalaa. • sacral: lateralsacr. art.

  18. CROSS SECTION Dorsal median sulcus Gray matter White matter Ventral median fissure Central canal

  19. Crosssection of thespinalcord post. (dors.)median sulcus post. (dorsalis)horn intermediatezone (Th and L2-L3): lat.horn centralcanal ant. (ventral) horn ant. (ventr.) medianfissure

  20. Spinal cord

  21. Spinal cord Dorsalcollumn (posterior): mainlysensorypathways Ventralcollumn (anterior): mainly motor pathways Lateralcollumn: mainlyvegetativpathways

  22. SPINAL CORD SEGMENT

  23. SPINAL NERVES Dorsal branch Ventral branch

  24. SPINAL CORD SEGMENTS Spinal cord ends at the level of the L1 vertebra in adults Lumbar and sacral roots travel several vertebrae down: cauda equina

  25. SPINAL CORD SEGMENTS Number of segments: 8 cervical (!) 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

  26. SEGMENTAL INNERVATION Dermatomes: segmental symptomes

  27. CERVICAL PLEXUS AND BRACHIAL PLEXUS Cervical plexus (C1-4): Phrenic nerve Branchial plexus (C5-T1): Superior trunk (C5-6) Middle trunk (C7) Inferior trunk (C8-T1)

  28. CERVICAL PLEXUS AND BRACHIAL PLEXUS Branchial plexus (C5-T1): Lateral cord (C5-7) Medial cord (C8-T1) Posterior cord (C5-T1)

  29. LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS Lumbar plexus (T12-L4): Sacral plexus (L4-S3):

  30. Brain

  31. Brain Medulla oblongata Pons Midbrain (mesencephalon) Cerebellum Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, hypophysis) Cerebrum Brain stem

  32. MEDIANSAGITTAL SECTION OF THE BRAIN STEM M M Mo P Mo

  33. Meningeal layers of the brain Dura mater: falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli sinuses: venous blood Arachnoid layer: cisterns CSF Pia mater: blood vessels

  34. VENTRICLES Lateral ventricle 4th ventricle 3rd ventricle

  35. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID Production: choroid plexus: into ventricles Absorption: arachnoid villi: from subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinus

  36. BRAIN: Cerebrum SUPERIOR VIEW Frontal lobe Longitudinal cerebral fissure Parietal lobe Occipital lobe

  37. BRAIN: LATERAL VIEW Parietal lobe Central sulcus Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Transverse cerebral fissure Lateral cerebral sulcus Cerebellum Temporal lobe Pons Medulla oblongata

  38. BRAIN: MEDIANSAGITTAL CUT Longitudinal cerebral fissure Parietal lobe Corpus callosum Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Transverse cerebral fissure Cerebellum Temporal lobe

  39. praecentral gyrus central sulcus postcentral gyrus

  40. BRAIN: INFERIOR VIEW Longitudinal cerebral fissure Olfactory nerve (I) Frontal lobe Optic nerve (II) Optic chiasm Temporal lobe Optic tract Diencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Occipital lobe

  41. BLOOD SUPPLY: ARTERIES Arterial supply: Vertebral artery Internal carotid artery internal carotid artery vertebral artery

  42. CIRCLE OF WILLISI Anterior communicating a. Anterior cerebral a. Internal carotid a. Middle cerebral a. Posterior communicating a. Posterior cerebral a. Basilar a. Vertebral a.

  43. BLOOD SUPPLY: VEINS Venous drainage: Internal jugular vein: Sinuses Cerebral veins

  44. BRAIN STEM: MEDULLA Glossopharyngeal n. (IX) Vagus n. (X) Olive Accessory n. (XI) Pyramid Hypoglossal n. (XII)

  45. BRAIN STEM Cerebral aqueduct Cerebellum Midbrain Pons Fourth ventricle Medulla Central canal

  46. CEREBELLUM Cerebellar hemisphere Vermis Tonsil

  47. CEREBELLUM Fastigial nucleus Cerebellar cortex Globose nucleus Emboliform nucleus White matter Dentate nucleus

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