The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

1. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies OUT OF THE SHADOWS:Putting Civil Society on theEconomic Map of the WorldLester M. SalamonOECD Forum on Statistics, Knowledge and PolicyIstanbul, June 29, 2007

2. For-profit Sector Government Sector Civil Society Sector The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies THE GLOBAL ASSOCIATIONAL REVOLUTION

3. Sectors of the SNA System Type of Institutional Unit Nonfinancial Corporations Sector S.11 Financial Corporations Sector S.12 General Government Sector S.13 NPISH Sector S.15 Households Sector S.14 Corporations C1 C2 Government Units G Households H The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONSIN THE SNA Nonprofit Institutions N1 N2 N3 N4 N5

4. Different production function Public-goods production Governance Revenue structure Staffing Tax treatment Legal treatment The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Distinctive Features of NPIs

5. The Service Role The Advocacy Role The Expressive Role The Community Building Role The Value Guardian Role The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NPI Roles and Functions

6. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies How Can Better Data on Civil Society Help? • Visibility/Legitimacy • Improve policy-making • Increase transparency/accountability • Improve National Accounts • Chart NPO contribution • Spot trends/problems

7. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies C N P

8. Norway The Netherlands Finland Sweden Germany Belgium Italy Pakistan Czech Republic France Romania United Kingdom Austria Poland United States Slovakia Ireland Hungary Mexico Spain Japan South Korea Morocco Lebanon Venezuela Egypt Thailand Colombia India Israel Kenya Brazil Tanzania Uganda Argentina Peru South Africa The Philippines Australia The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies PROJECT COUNTRIES

9. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies The Scale of Nonprofit Activity, 40 Countries • $1.9 trillion in operating expenditures • 48.4 million full time equivalent jobs • 4.6% of economically active population

10. Country GDP (trillion $) United States $11.7 Japan 4.6 Germany 2.7 United Kingdom 2.1 Civil Society Land Expenditures (40 Countries) 1.9* France 1.9 China 1.7 Italy 1.2 Canada 1.0 Spain 1.0 0.6 Brazil 0.6 Russia * In 2004 U.S. Dollars Source of GDP Figures: World Bank The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies If the civil society sector were a country...

11. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Civil Society Organization Workforce in context, 40 countries

12. Civil Society Organizations* 48 million Largest Private Companies 4 million The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Employment in Civil Society Organizations vs. Largest Firms(37 Countries) * Including volunteers and religious worship organization workforce, where available.

13. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country

14. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country

15. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES Paid Workers 56% Volunteers 44% n=45.5 million (including religion)

16. Philanthropy 12% The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (34 COUNTRYAVERAGE) Fees 53% Government34%

17. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores Country Capacity Sustainability Impact Total Netherlands 79 54 89 74 Norway 55 82 59 65 United States 76 54 54 61 Sweden 58 56 67 60 United Kingdom 66 60 50 58 Belgium 65 45 60 57 Israel 70 42 50 54 Ireland 64 45 52 54 Australia 51 46 49 49 France 56 46 44 49 Finland 48 42 50 47 Germany 47 45 47 46 Spain 54 37 30 40 Argentina 48 35 36 40 Tanzania 45 32 38 39 South Africa 44 35 33 37 Uganda 44 37 30 37

18. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores Austria 35 42 34 37 Japan 38 34 35 36 South Korea 32 38 36 35 Italy 38 37 25 33 Kenya 41 28 29 33 Czech Republic 34 35 25 31 Hungary 38 32 20 30 Brazil 30 31 26 29 Colombia 37 26 22 28 Peru 32 30 22 28 Philippines 30 35 17 27 India 27 30 20 26 Poland 30 38 7 25 Slovakia 32 28 13 24 Mexico 23 29 19 24 Romania 27 26 14 22 Pakistan 26 19 12 19

19. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores Country Total Country Total Netherlands 74 Austria 37 Norway 65 Japan 36 United States 61 South Korea 35 Sweden 60 Italy 33 United Kingdom 58 Kenya 33 Belgium 57 Czech Republic 31 Israel 54 Hungary 30 Ireland 54 Brazil 29 Australia 49 Colombia 28 France 49 Peru 28 Finland 47 Philippines 27 Germany 46 India 26 Spain 40 Poland 25 Argentina 40 Slovakia 24 Tanzania 39 Mexico 24 South Africa 37 Romania 22 Uganda 37 Pakistan 19

20. Institutionalization Additional Variables Relationships with Other Sectors The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies THE PROBLEM

21. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

22. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs • Satellite Account

23. Sectors of the SNA System Nonprofit Sector Variable N=NPI Households Sector S.14 Nonfinancial Corps Sector S.11 Financial Corps Sector S.12 NPISH Sector S.15 General Gov’t Sector S.13 NPI TOTAL TOTAL NPI TOTAL NPI TOTAL NPI Production Account Generation of income account Closing Balance Sheet The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONSIN THE SATELLITE ACCOUNT

24. Satellite Account The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs • Volunteer labor • Non-market output of market NPIs

25. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies PROGRESS TO DATE UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION • Eurostat Workshop, December 2002 • Briefings: EFC; ISTR; statistical offices in Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Portugal, Kenya, UK, France • European Commission DG XXIII Workshop, April 2004 • Partnership agreement with United Nations Volunteers and U.N. Economic Commissions for Latin America, Africa, Asia • Regional Workshops: Latin America, Africa, Asia—Sept. 2004-Sept. 2005 • Implementers Workshops: Latin America, Africa, Asia: May 2005-July 2006 • International Advisory Committee Meetings: June 2005, May 2006, May 2007 • International Labour Org Agreement on Volunteer Measurement, Mar. 2007

26. Developing and Transitional Countries Developed Countries The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies U.N. Handbook Implementers and Target Countries Europe Denmark Germany Netherlands Portugal Spain Central Europe Czech Republic + Slovakia+ Belgium + France + Italy + Hungary Poland Russia North America Latin America Canada + United States + Argentina + Brazil +** Peru + Chile Mexico Uruguay Australia + Japan+ Korea + Asia Asia India ** Philippines +** Kyrgyzstan +** Hong Kong, China New Zealand + Thailand + Bangladesh China Pakistan Vietnam Africa and Middle East Israel + Cameroon + Ghana Kenya +** Mali ** Morocco +** Other Egypt Mozambique ** Nigeria Tanzania South Africa +** Uganda + Zimbabwe+ ** = UN Volunteers countries (9) As of May, 2007 + committed

27. Australia Israel Belgium * Italy Canada * Japan Czech Republic United States * France * Multiple satellite account editions available The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Completed Satellite Accounts (9) Release of Satellite Account Imminent (3) Argentina Brazil New Zealand

28. Volunteers 7.9% 8 Without Volunteers 7 6 5.6% 5.1% 5 4.9% 4.2% 4 3 2 1 Australia (1999) Belgium (2001) Canada (1997) France (2002) Italy (1999) USA (2003) The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NPI Value Added as % of GDP, 7 Countries 5.6%

29. 7.9% % of GDP Volunteers NPIs 6.1% 5.1% 2.3% 1.5% 1.4% Retail Trade Mining, oil & gas extractions Nonprofit sector Accommodations & food services Agriculture The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs vs. Selected Industries, Canada, 2000 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing

30. 5.0 % 4.8% 2.4% 1.1% Hotels & Restaurants Utilities Agriculture & Fishing Construction NPIs The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs* vs. Selected Industries, Belgium, 2003 % of GDP 1.6% * Without Volunteers

31. SOCIAL SERVICES 66.6% HEALTH 42.7% CULTURE & RECREATION 26% 10% 50% The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NPI Share of Belgian Value Added, Selected Fields 80% Percent of Total Value

32. 60 57% 50 40 30% 30 20 NPIs Nonfinancial Corps. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Labor Intensity of NPIs vs. Nonfinancial Corporations, 6 Countries Employee Compensation as % of Total Expenditure 10

33. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Growth of NPIs vs. Total Economy, 4 Countries NPIs Overall GDP 6.7% 6.6% 6.4% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 6 5 4.8% 4 Average Annual % Change in Value Added 3.3% 2.9% 3 2 1 -0.7% 4 Country Average U.S.A. Belgium Japan Canada

34. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Philanthropy as share of GDP, selected countries, 1995-2004

35. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Contributions of Time vs. Contributions of Cash as Share of Private Philanthropy 68.5% 70% 60% 50% Ratio of Assets to Expenditures 40% 31.5% 30% 20% 10% Contributions of Cash Contributions of Time

36. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NEXT STEPS UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION • Convene Global Assembly: Sep. 25-27, 2007 • Develop, Secure Approval for, and Implement ILO Manual on Volunteer work • Extend HB Coverage to New Countries • Create CIVINET (Civil Society Information Network)