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GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES

GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES. “PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY”. TABITHA GNANAPRIYA. Biotechnology in crop plants. Biotic stress -insect pest resistant Bt cotton against boll worm -Disease resistant Grape vine against pierce’s disease -Antiviral

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GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES

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  1. GLOBAL CONSULTATIONONGENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES

  2. “PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY” TABITHA GNANAPRIYA

  3. Biotechnology in crop plants • Biotic stress -insect pest resistant Bt cotton against boll worm -Disease resistant Grape vine against pierce’s disease -Antiviral papaya against papaya ringspot virus -Herbicide tolerance Roundup ready soyabean

  4. Abiotic stress -Salt tolerance Arabidopsis AtNHX1- Brassica napus -Drought tolerance DREB genes -Acid tolerance Wheat Almt1- barley

  5. Improved quality • Shelf life • Flavr-savr tomato • Vitamin • Golden rice • polyunsaturated fatty acids • Canola- laurate and myristate • Essential minerals • Soyabean ferritin- rice • Plant based vaccines • Banana against hepatits B

  6. Fungal biotechnology Host for expressing heterologous proteins 1-Saccharomyces cerevisiae GRAS Human interferon Human epidermal growth factor Surface antigen of hepatitis B virus 2-Pichia pastoris Tight and strong promoter AOX1 (30%) Hirudin (Hirudo medicinalis) 3-Hansenula polymorpha Tightly regulated and strong promoter MOX (37%) Expression depends on glucose concentration

  7. Production of commercial enzymes • Lipase- lipolase novo nordisk- humicola lanuginose in aspergillus oryzae Secondary metabolites • Immunosuppressive agent- cyclosporin A- tolypocladium nivenum • Hypocholesterolemic agents- lovastatin- monascus ruber • Antitumor agents- taxol- taxomyces andreanae • Mycotoxin- ergot- claviceps spp

  8. Future prospects • Alternate host Aspergillus sojae • Improve expression and secretion of non-fungal proteins • Molecular techniques to carry out metabolic engineering • Overall analysis of gene expression

  9. Biopharmaceuticals

  10. Levels of genetic manipulation • Cloning of genes • Plant regeneration • High-throughput screening system • Genomic tools and resources • Regulatory mechanism

  11. Novel Distinct Uniform and stable Utility UPOV 1961, 1978, 1991 TRIPS 1994 ITPGRFA 2004 IPR

  12. UPOV- 1961, 1978, 1991 • Novel, distinct, uniform and stable but no innovative step • 1978- profit for breeders • 1991- permission required

  13. TRIPS-1994 • Mandatory for WTO members • Some form of IP protection • Patent • Sui generis system African union save, use, multiply but not to sell

  14. ITPGRFA- 2004 • Multilateral system • Access and benefit sharing • Sharing of technology • Updated Farmers rights Encourage for protection of TK Sharing benefits Decision making

  15. Future • Donating technology • Public-private partnership • Cross licensing • acquisition

  16. Thanks For Your Kind Attention...........

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