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Purdue-Industry interactions in Plant Breeding/Genetics Herb Ohm, Dept of Agronomy

Purdue-Industry interactions in Plant Breeding/Genetics Herb Ohm, Dept of Agronomy With input from faculty: plant breeding/genetics. Faculty : Plant Genetics/Breeding Research All Purdue faculty contribute to instruction and/or extension Anderson , Joe – USDA: molecular virology, wht genet

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Purdue-Industry interactions in Plant Breeding/Genetics Herb Ohm, Dept of Agronomy

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  1. Purdue-Industry interactions in Plant Breeding/Genetics Herb Ohm, Dept of Agronomy With input from faculty: plant breeding/genetics

  2. Faculty: Plant Genetics/Breeding Research All Purdue faculty contribute to instruction and/or extension Anderson, Joe – USDA: molecular virology, wht genet Ejeta, Gebisa: Sorghum Breeding/Genetics Jackson, Scott: SB Genetics/Genomics LeRoy, Allen: SB Breeding/Genetics Nielsen, Niels – USDA: SB molec biol – seed qual, flavor Ohm, Herb: Wheat, Oat Breeding/Genetics Scofield, Steve – USDA: Plt molec biol/path – signaling Szymanski, Dan: Genet – growth/envtl response in plt cells Vermerris, Wilfred: Maize, Sorghum Genet,Cell wall biosyn Weil, Cliff: Maize Genet/Genomics – value-added traits

  3. Education/training BS, MS, PhD Graduates: industry, universities, int’l Cost for graduate student (1/2 – time assistantship): assistantship+fee remission+overhead+thesis research ≈ $50,000/year (competitive funding) ($100,000 – 150,000/student-degree) Project support personnel (tech, postdoc, RA) most are supported on competitive funding (res grants)

  4. Research Varieties, gp – Small grains, Sorghum, Soybean Mrkrs, Map’g, MAS: SB, Sorghum, Wht, Oat Genetics Corn, SB, Sorghum, Wht model crops (Arab, M trunc), Rice Across crops: >’g emphasis in basic genetics Federal competitive fund’g (USDA, NSF, DOE, USAID) Minimize duplic’n, but collaborate with industry Fed. formula funds will < and/or change (competitive) US Taxpayer: accountability Faculty salaries: Indiana and US (Hatch) taxpayers accountability

  5. So what have/are we accomplishing/contributing/doing? Interactions with seed industry?

  6. Purdue Soybean Breeding Program • Ongoing Program to Develop High Yielding Proprietary Varieties with Improved Disease Resistance for the Licensed Genetics Market and the Non GMO Specialty Grains Market • Use of Advanced Breeding Methods Have Shorten Variety Development Time • Crossing and Selection Since 2000 • Since 2004 Indiana Seed Companies have been able to evaluate in their own systems the best lines from the Purdue Breeding program. Ten companies in 2005.

  7. Defensive Trait Objectives • Phytophthora Rps1k +3a Resistance + CystX SCN Resistance + Rps8 Phytophthora Resistance + SDS Resistance Two New High Yielding Varieties Released for Foundation Seed Production in 2005 Purdue -> Ag Alumni -> IN Seedsmen

  8. Soybean Variety Development Allen LeRoy Program funding: ISB, Purdue

  9. USB-funded projects in Jackson Lab • Development of physical map for sequencing of soybean genome. • To enable gene cloning and marker development for breeding. • Soybean genomics NSF (2005). • Molecular cytogenetic analysis of soybean genome to elucidate genome structure. • To enable gene cloning and genetic manipulation by focusing on seed related loci.

  10. Ohm: Wheat and Oat Breeding/genetics Wheat: Indiana, Eastern US, Mid-south 34 cultivars - earliness: doublecropping - cold tolerance: Patterson, Goldfield - 1stYDR from wheatgrass – INW0315, INW0316 - FHBR (INW0304, INW0411, INW0412) Low incidence 1st to pyramid res from 201R, Gfd, Chinese (MAS) - HFR 1st to pyramid res genes (MAS) INW0301, INW0303 26 gp lines plus lines in reg’l nurseries: parents for others Oats: Indiana, upper midwest, Ontario, NE - YD tol/res; CrR; Milling qualities, β-glucan (Quaker)

  11. Ohm: Wheat & Oat Breeding/Genetics -FHB (var, mrkrs-mapp’g) USWBSI -Wht var (BCg, MAS) USDA-CSREES -NRI CAP (transl genomics - Snb) -Wht Qual, dis res, white wht, USDA Hamaker, slow digesting wheat starch -Wht Breeding, AgAl Seeds/Purdue ARP -Oat Gen/Brdg (BYDV, CR), Quaker ’70s – ’80s: PVI, Purdue, Quaker, Pio, Misc.

  12. Purdue Sorghum ResearchCurrent Research Projects in support of the US Seed Industry • Grain & Forage Quality and Bio-fuel Brown mid-rib, low lignin mutations, sweet sorghums High Digestible grains B-carotene and other micronutrients • Drought Tolerance pre- and post-flowering drought tolerance stay-green trait & associations identification & validation of QTL • Cold Tolerance Development of lab techniques Identification and validation of QTL Marker Assisted Introgression • Disease Resistance Leaf rust, anthracnose, and grain mold Sources of resistance from cultivated and wild sorghums

  13. Purdue Sorghum ResearchNon-research activities in support of the seed industry • Germplasm Conservation and Enhancement • Introduce, characterize, enhance, and conserve • Assessment of Gene Flow Among Sorghums • Pollen mediated gene flow/risk assessment • Catalyze Seed Industry Development in Africa • Part of a regional effort to develop a functional seed program. • Training of Plant Breeders

  14. Purdue Sorghum ResearchInbred Lines Released to the US Seed Industry • 40 Food Grain Seed Parents • 14 Drought Tolerant Pollinators • 7 Grain Mold Resistant Seed Parents • 6 Stay Green (Drought tolerant) Inbreds • 2 Early Maturity Drought Tolerant Inbreds • 1 Forage Quality Inbred Seed Parent

  15. Wilfred Vermerris • Modifying lignin composition to enhance ethanol production • Funded by Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Inc. and Dow AgroSciences • Defining cell wall properties that improve the yield of fermentable sugars from maize stover • Breeding of maize inbred lines with enhanced bio-processing characteristics • Identification and characterization of cell wall mutants by Fourier transform and near infrared spectroscopies • Funded by NSF Plant Genome Program • Identification of maize mutants with altered cell wall properties based on a high-throughput spectroscopic screen • Approxmately 50 novel mutants have been identified. No apparent visual phenotype, but altered spectral features.

  16. Cliff Weil • Agronomy Dept. • Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research • Targeting Induced Limited Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) in maize • Making, and then screening large, mutant populations for single base changes in any specified gene in the genome (NSF-funded) • The Genetics of Genetics: Genes that control meiotic recombination in maize (NSF-funded) • Corn is a model of human immune disease: Repair of DNA hairpins • An unusual DNA structure is formed when the maize transposon Ac moves, ALSO forms while vertebrate animals make immune receptor genes. • Key factors for repairing these structures, required in humans, are absent in plants and yeast, yet all these organisms repair DNA hairpins very effectively. We are studying how this happens. (BARD-funded, NSF and NIH to be submitted shortly) • Maize genes that control starch digestibility(joint project with the Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research at Purdue) (PRF and ARP-funded)

  17. Dan Szymanski Understanding how plant cells use actin filament polymerization during growth In developing cells of the seed and germinating seedling, the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton drives organelle biogenesis during cell growth. We are studying actin-dependent processes in order to manipulate the transport, metabolism, and storage of lipids. The actin related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex is an evolutionarily conserved group of proteins that efficiently nucleate new actin filament polymers. The grants below focus on different functional aspects of the Actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex using the model plant Arabidopsis. NSF -Mechanisms of plant cell morphogenesis: ARP2/3 function and trichome distortion in Arabidopsis Objective: To determine which organelles are controlled by the Arp2/3 complex during growth. DOE - The Arabidopsis WAVE Complex: mechanisms of localized actin polymerization and growth Objective: To understand how the plant WAVE proteins control the activity of the Arp2/3 complex. Hughes Graduate Student Fellowship: 2003-2007 Regulation of the lipid content of soybean Objective: To understand how post-germination phospholipid trafficking in the cotyledon is regulated

  18. Education/Engagement BS: internships, work experiences Graduate degrees: -need to expand experiences/intns with industry Research/Engagement Res will continue to be supported by compet fundg Expand intns/collab w industry: basic→applied -strength & stability in broad base support Hire individuals who have appreciation for: agric, land-grant mission, tchg/res/engagement

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