Chapter 10: New Global Patterns

1. Chapter 10: New Global Patterns Section 1: Japan Modernizes Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America Section 5: Impact of Imperialism

2. Section 1: Japan Modernizes • Summary: • To avoid domination by the West, Japan opened its doors to foreign influences and became a modern industrialized power

3. Section 1: Japan Modernizes • Since 1638, Shoguns had closed Japan to visitors and trade • In 1853, U.S. warships sailed into Tokyo Bay • Commodore Perry carried a letter from the American president demanding that Japan open its ports • Japan could not fight the U.S. Navy, and it soon signed the first of many trade treaties

4. Section 1: Japan Modernizes • Some Japanese said the Shogun showed weakness against the foreigners • In 1867, a revolt ended Shogun control of Japan • A young emperor (15) began a long reign • Under his rule the Japanese were ready to accept the western world and learn what they could

5. Section 1: Japan Modernizes • By the 1890s, Japan had developed a modern army and navy • Japan had built modern steel mills and railroads • This quick success was due to a number of causes: • Common culture & Language • Japan had a long tradition of learning from foreigners • The Japanese were determine to resist foreign rule

6. Section 1: Japan Modernizes • As industry grew, Japan needed colonies to supply raw materials • Gaining such colonies meant war • In 1884 Japan defeated China and gained Korea

7. Section 1: Japan Modernizes • When Russia showed interest in Korea, Japan declared war • For the first time in modern history, an Asian nation defeated a European power • By 1910, Japan held complete control of Korea • The Age of Japanese imperialism had begun

8. -1st Japanese constitution based on German model -Emperor holds power Meiji Motto: “A rich Country, a strong Military.” Meiji means: “Enlightened Rule” The Meiji Period Ends official Class system Replaces Shogun rule With rule by Emperor Modernizes military, business & industry

9. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • The Big Idea: • Western industrialist powers divided up Southeast Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets & Christian converts

10. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • In the 1800s, industrial powers looked to Southeast Asia for resources and markets • Christians saw a place to spread Christianity • Just as it had in Africa, Europe began to grab land

11. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • The Dutch East India Company controlled the Spice Islands, and the Dutch set up colonies to grow coffee and spices

12. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • The people of Burma (now called Myanmar) did not realize the might of the British forces • They lost many wars before falling to Britain in the 1800s

13. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • In Vietnam, leaders also failed to understand western might • The French gained Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia • The French called their colonial holdings in Southeast Asia, French Indochina

14. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • By the 1890s, Europeans controlled most of Southeast Asia

15. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • The king of Siam (now called Thailand) did not underestimate western powers • He decided to learn from the west and build his own strength • Siam granted some rights to the West but remained a free kingdom

16. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • The United States became an imperialist nation by reaching into the Pacific • In 1878, it gained rights in Samoa • In 1898, success in the Spanish-American War gave the United States the Philippines • In 1893, the Queen of Hawaii tried to reduce foreign holdings • American sugar planters led a revolt • The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898

17. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific • By 1900, western powers held nearly every island in the Pacific • Soon Japan wanted its share too

19. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand • The Big Idea: • The British colonies of Canada, Australia & New Zealand won independence faster and with greater ease than territories in Africa & Asia

20. Canada Australia New Zealand

21. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand • In the British colonies of Canada, Australia & New Zealand, white settlers quickly outnumbered the natives • The British freed these colonies more easily • They felt that whites were more able to govern themselves than the nonwhites of India and Asia

23. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand • Britain gained Canada from France in 1763 • Following the American Revolution and a revolt in Upper and Lower Canada in 1837, Britain created the free Dominion of Canada in 1867 • The new nation kept close ties with Britain

24. One place, one empire

25. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand • The first Australians probably came from Southeast Asia • They became known as Aborigines • In 1770, British Captain James Cook claimed Australia • Britain first used the land as a prison, where they could send their convicts

27. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand • A gold rush and fine sheep ranches brought new settlers • They moved into the rugged interior known as the Outback, pushing out or killing the Aborigines • In 1901, Britain granted self-rule • The new country still honored the British monarch as head of state

29. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand • In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New Zealand • In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand and white settlers began to claim land • The local Maori people fought back • By 1870, most Maoris had died in wars or from disease • New Zealand gained self-rule in 1907 • New Zealand, like Canada & Australia kept close ties to Britain

30. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • The Big Idea: • The economy of Latin America became dependent on industrial nations for investment, technology and manufactured goods

31. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • Most of Latin America gained independence in the 1800s • Yet life did not improve for most people • There were revolts and civil wars • Prejudice and poverty continued

32. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • Local strongmen known as caudillos put together armies and made themselves dictators • Revolts often overthrew the caudillos • Still, power stayed with a small ruling class

33. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • Colonial economies had depended on Spain and Portugal • The colonies sent raw materials to their ruling lands • They bought finished goods from their rulers • Later, Britain and the U.S. became trading partners with the freed nations • They took control of prices and set rules governing trade • Latin America came to depend on them

34. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • British and American companies wanted to guard their employees and investments in Latin America • They claimed the right to act when events threatened their interests

35. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • In 1823, U.S. President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine • It said that the Americas were closed to further colonization and that the U.S. would oppose any European efforts to reestablish colonies

36. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • In 1903, the U.S. wanted to build a canal across the Central American land of Panama • Columbia, which ruled Panama, refused to grant land for the canal

37. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America • The U.S. backed a revolt against Columbia • Panama won freedom and gave the U.S. the land to build the canal • Many Latin Americans saw the U.S.’s actions as interference and an example of Yankee imperialism

38. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism • The Big Idea: • The Age of Imperialism brought an exchange of goods, money, materials and ideas

39. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism • The age of imperialism changed the West and its colonies • The industrial nations of Britain, France, Germany and the United States controlled a new global economy • They sent goods, investment money and knowledge to the rest of the world • In return, Africa, Asia and Latin America supplied natural resources, farm crops and cheap labor

40. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism • In many ways, colonies suffered greatly under foreign rule • Imported goods wiped out local craft industries • Famines swept lands where farms grew export crops instead of food • Yet, foreign rule also moved countries into the modern age

41. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism • Imperialism brought an exchange of cultures • Europeans made it their mission to spread western ways • Many conquered peoples accepted western ways • They learned to speak western languages • They wore western clothing styles • Some lost touch with their own cultures

42. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism • However, others held on to their customs • In the end most colonies blended old and new ideas • Imperialism enriched the West • Ties with Africa, Asia and Latin America brought new: • Art • Music • Fashions • Foods

43. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism • At times more than one European nation tried to gain the territory • Tensions rose as each feared the other would build a stronger empire • Conflicts sometimes threatened to end in war