Portable Broadband Seismology

1. Portable Broadband Seismology Part 3: Data Acquisition System Overview Jakarta, Indonesia May 11-13, 2006 Bruce Beaudoin Marcos Alvarez Additional thanks to Joseph Steim for use of his slides

2. Modern Seismic Technology • Inter-networked Digital Communications • Robust Multiple Telemetry Paths • Central Administration and Data Collection • Rapid, Reliable Reporting of Information for Disaster Mitigation. • High Dynamic Range • Portable, Lightweight, Easy to Use

3. QUANTERRA ® Q330 Data Engine

4. Overview of Q330 features • 24-bit A/D • 3 or 6 channels (sensor ports A&B) • Average power requirement of about 1W, including a power-cycled recorder • Internal GPS engine with external antenna • VCO is frequency-adjusted to GPS phase lock loop • Samples & sends multiplexed, time-stamped UDP packets to a Data Processor (DP) through one of 4 logical data ports: • 1,2 - serial or Ethernet telemetry • 3 - SOH check by local operator • 4 - Baler • Also 1 control port for programming/commands (Willard) • Communicates by UDP/IP • Web server (provides links to DP webserver) • Digitizes sensor and SOH streams

5. Q330 Hardware Block Diagram

6. Q330 Design Philosophy

7. “Old Fashioned” Hub-and-Spoke Users

8. Quanterra Multiple Connectivity

9. Data Port Concept • Four ports are available • Each Data Port is an independent collection of channels and sample rates • Each Data Port can use its own SEED channel names or even Station Code • Connection to a Data Port is by IP socket, multiple Data Ports can use the same interface, e.g. ethernet or Serial.

10. Q330 - Network friendly • Friendly to Automated Processing. Pure IP • Friendly to Remote Maintenance, Configuration, and Network Management • Intra and Internet-Ready Security • Simple Field and Data Center Management and Setup Procedures, analogous to IP itself • Based on modern IP model, not a “dumb” device, e.g. connected through a serial link

11. QUANTERRA ® Baler 14

12. Overview of Baler14 • Power cycled DP & data storage unit (19GB) • Demultiplexes Q330 packets and writes 4096Kb miniSEED files • MS DOS OS • Web server • File transfer by http (10baseT) • Q330 manages Baler: • Assigns IP address • Passes recording parameters • Manages most power cycling • Runs in acquisition (power cycled) or vacuum (download/continuously powered) modes

13. Q330 Timing: Clocks • Internal Clocks • Time of day clock - keeps rough time when Q330 power is off. Runs on an internal battery. • Temperature Compensated Voltage Controled Crystal Oscillator (TCVCXO) • Nominal drift of 0.1ppm (<1ms/day)

14. Q330 Timing: Clocks • External Clock • Q330 has a Motorola M12 GPS engine on-board • Default is to power up every 3 hours • Adjusts TCVCXO oscillation rate to reduce phase error between GPS 1Hz pulse and TCVCXO 1Hz • Stays powered up until phase difference of <5µsec is maintained for 1 minute before powering off the GPS • The Q330 retains the last measured phase error before turning off the GPS and applies this constant time correction to all records acquired will GPS is off/unlocked.

15. Q330 Timing: Time Stamps • Data is packaged into 1 second data records that are sent to a data processor (DP) • Each record includes a time stamp consisting of: • Sequence number ≈ seconds since last power-up • Seconds of offset since January 1, 2000 of last power-up • µsec offset from the current second • Q330 also sends • A clock status bitmap • Minutes since GPS lock was lost • Clock phase loop status • The baler (DP) queries the Q330 for FIR filter delays and construct the time stamp for the data records using:

16. Baler and miniseed • Once the baler has calculated the time stamp for the data packets it creates 4096 byte miniseed files. • The baler uses the best timed 1sec data packet to extrapolate the time for the first sample in a miniseed record • The baler also determines a clock quality parameter and writes it to the miniseed header • 100% = clock is LOCKED • 90% = clock is TRACKING, 3D fix and adjusting TCVCXO • 80% = GPS just powered up • 10-60% = HOLD, GPS is off. Quality decreases by 1% every 10 minutes • 0% - GPS clock has not locked since Q330 power up

17. Typical Timing CycleLCE & LCQ channels

18. SOH Channels • ACE VCO quality expressed as SEED Timing blockettes (500) • LCE Absolute clock phase error (1 sec / count) • LCQ Clock quality times series (1 % / count) • LOG State of health, status and timing messages • OCF Q330 configuration expressed as SEED opaque data blockettes • VCO VCO control voltage (150 mV / count) • VEA GPS antenna current (1 mA / count) • VEC System current (1 mA / count) • VEP Input voltage (150 mV / count) • VKI System temperature (1 C / count) • VMU Boom position of Z or U component (100 mV / count) • VMV Boom position of N or V component (100 mV / count) • VMW Boom position of N or W component (100 mV / count) • VPB Buffer usage (0.1% / count)

19. Overview of Application deployments Stand Alone: QNET-QNET-80 Stand Alone + Telemetry Types of Telemetry LAN Ethernet Bridge to LAN IP VSAT (Hughes, Spacenet) GSM or CDMA Cellular Serial Q330 to Baler & Ethernet Telemetry: cabling & configuration Ethernet Q330 to Baler & Serial Telemetry: cabling & configuration Configuring, Accessing, and Monitoring

20. Typical Portable DeploymentAnd ~ 1W Power Consumption (not including sensors)

21. IP Telemetry Deployment VSAT Terminal

22. USArray TA Standard Site

23. USArray TA Standard Site

24. GSN II Proposed Configuration

25. Resources Quanterra KMI tech team www.q330.com reference materials updates Inter-Program, Quanterra Users Group Development BRTT - Antelope (commercial) ISTI - Mountainaire (open source) PASSCAL - hocus (open source) User Documentation PASSCAL - www.passcal.nmt.edu