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NIGERIA. By: Wilfredo Galarza Joseph Palmisano Miron Leveston Gary Chung Rene Soto Alex Alavez. Geography. Nigerian Geography. Nigeria has a diverse geographical makeup. It has lush jungle areas Sandy deserts. Raging rivers. Nigerian Jungle.
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NIGERIA By: Wilfredo Galarza Joseph Palmisano Miron Leveston Gary Chung Rene Soto Alex Alavez
Nigerian Geography Nigeria has a diverse geographical makeup. It has lush jungle areas Sandy deserts. Raging rivers
Nigerian Jungle • Jungles of Nigeria are rich with plant and animal life. • Home to native animal the Drill Monkey. • Tropical weather is only found in this area of Nigeria as it does not spread to the rest of the country.
Nigerian Rivers • Niger River and Benue Rivers are the main rivers of Nigeria. • The Niger is provided with water by the Benue • They come together at the Niger Delta
Nigerian Deserts • Contains part of the Sahara Desert • Due to droughts, desert is growing 2,000 square miles every year. • The northeastern state of Yobe is 50% desert.
The Land and Its People • There is a strong relationship between the people of Nigeria and its land. • The people of Nigeria believe that the land is very resourceful.
Nigeria • The people of Nigeria are very serious when it comes to their land • They try to take care of it as much as possible. • Their farming is done on the land.
Nigeria • The land has always been a part of the people. • They do not know anything else. • They are not very used to technology.
Nigeria • The people of Nigeria worship their land like a god. • They try to please it by watering it and plowing it. • They believe if they do this, they will be rewarded. • Their reward will be fruits and vegetables.
Nigeria • The people of Nigeria hate when others pollute their land. • If they see destruction to their land, they will rebel. • their land is sacred • It is treated like another member of a family.
The Nok culture is the earliest identifiable civilization in Nigeria’s north. The Nok are also the earliest of West Africa’s known ironworkers. Nigeria Before Colonization
The Kanem-Bornu Empire • The northern region’s first documented state was the kingdom of Kanem. (West Chad) • By the 9th century profited from trade with N. Africa and the Nile valley. • The kingdom never had a period of peace. • The Kanem soon intermarried the people, Kanueri and the Bornu.
Education Before Colonization • Before the Europeans, groups in Nigeria had their own education systems, taught cultural skills and community awareness. • Public schools did not exist, nor did any schools higher than primary level. • For Nigerian children, education took place in the home or village courtyard.
The Hausi- Fuluni • The Hausi culture in the 7th century were smelting iron ores. • The Ife kingdom was the first of the Yoruba kingdoms in the 11th and 12th centuries. The city Oyo soon arose as major city. • The Oyo empire collapsed when it went into a civil war.
Relation To Book • Nigeria was slow to feel the penetration of Europe. So in a sense Nigeria was lucky. • In 1884 and 1885 European powers made their way into Africa. Britain soon claimed Nigeria. • Before Europeans and oil made their way to Nigeria. Nigeria was peaceful. The majority of people are now uneasy and feel betrayed.
Unity and Faith • Nigeria achieved it’s Independence on October 1st, 1960 • It was originally a constitutional Monarchy • The government leaders were a coalition of conservative parties: • Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), • Igboand • National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC)
Struggle for Power • Fighting for its share of power was the liberal party called the Action Group • Nigeria left its British legacy behind in 1963, and declared itself a federal republic • The Nigerian National Democratic Party beat the Action Group to power of Nigeria’s Western Region in 1965. • This left the Action Group and National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons to join together.
Sectarian Violence • In 1966, the Igbo people started a military coup to take back power. • The coup proved to be successful, but it led to much sectarian violence against the Igbo people. • In 1967 the Eastern region of Biafran declared itself independent • The Nigerian Gov’t declared war against the Biafrans, which led to Biafran being apart of Nigeria again
Long Term Corruption • The founding of OPEC was the first sign of Nigerian gov’t being more dependent on oil production that agricultural production. • Nigerian rulers over the past thirty years have been accused of being corrupt • Each of these corrupt rulers have been forcibly removed through military coup • Nigeria’s current president Olusegun Obasanjo has shown a commitment to ridding the government of corruption.
Politics of Nigeria • Nigeria’s government is a federal presidential representative democratic republic. • Has executive, legislative and judicial powers. • Very similar to the U.S.
Executive Branch • The president is the head of state and the head of government. • The president is elected by the people. • The president heads the Federal Executive Council. • The executive branch is divided into twenty-nine different ministries. • Ministries include health, transportation, police affairs, education, defense, etc.
Legislative Branch • Consists of two chambers. • The House of Representatives has 360 members, all elected to a four year term. • The Senate has 109 members, also elected to four year terms.
Legal System • Four systems of law in Nigeria. • English Law – derived from English colonists • Common Law • Constitutional Law • Sharia Law – high Muslim population in the North • There is a Supreme Court like the U.S. • Highest court of the land
Relation To Book • Nigerian government reflects the influence of the English colonists • The white men’s beliefs impacted the Nigerians • The government has greatly evolved from how the clan was governed in the book
Past Leaders • It was not until the 1960s when Nigeria achieved their independences, that they have leaders. • The political scene was a struggle between two corrupted politicians who abused their power. • In the 1964-1965 election, there were brutal violence among the elections, leading to the death of 2,000 people. • Then the army decided to take over, under the command of Major General Johnson Aguiyi Ironsi, an Ibo.
Gowon Regime • It turns out that Ironsi leadership was short-lived because he was overthrew. • The new leader was Gowon, a Christian. • Tension increased at this time, and a civil war broke, killing 2 million people. • Gowon planned to use military forces to maintain power, thus, he build a strong armed force. He wanted a new constitution • Nigerian fear that Gowon sought to maintain military power over the nation. • Gowon was eventually overthrew in a bloodless coup.
General Murtala Muhammad • Muhammad was elected to demobilized the military and cut off civil service, creating a new states. • He removed the previous officers that were in office for Gowon. • He openly supported the Soviet Union. • Muhammad was assassinated in 1976, and was replaced by Obasanjo who reformed a new constitution for Nigeria.
The Leaders from 1980-Present • The Nigerian government undergo years of corruption and was unable to gain a strong leader. • Babagida was the most corrupted president, because he self-declared himself as president causing a spark violence among the people of Nigeria. • General Abacha took the presidency in 1993 and he made Nigeria the most violent nation with his military rule; fortunately, he would die later under mysterious causes. • The Nigerian current president today is Obasanjo, who was re-elected in 1998 and 2003.
Olusegun Obasanjo-Current President • Olusegun Obsanjo was in the presidency for three times in the election of 1976, 1998 and 2003. • He is a Christian, and his religion has lead to violence in Nigeria due to a large number of Muslims there. • He has lead a public campaign against corruption and hope to bring forth economic reforms. • Obsanjo hopes to re-build a strong Nigerian government.
Conclusion • Nigeria is a very sacred place to its people. • Family is a major part of Nigerian’s lives. • Nigeria has greatly evolved since its pre-colonization times. • Nigeria is a place of much diversity. • Nigerian people have experienced many hardships, but remain to be an influential people in our time.
Works Cited • 17 Oct. 2006. 26 Oct. 2006 <https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html>. • 26 Oct. 2006 <http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Nigeria.html>. • 26 Oct. 2006 <http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/landow/post/nigeria/nigeriaov.html>. • Country Studies. 15 June 2006. 26 Oct. 2006 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ngtoc.html>.